Cyclic alternating pattern
The cyclic alternating pattern (abbreviated CAP) is a pattern of two, long-lasting alternate electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns that occur in sleep, as described by Terzano, et al, in 1985[1]. It is the reorganization of the sleeping brain challenged by the modification of environmental conditions and it is characterized by periodic abnormal electrocortical activity that recurs with a frequency of up to one minute[2]. It is considered "the EEG marker of unstable sleep".[3] CAP does not occur during REM. In Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, CAP modules the occurrence of clinical seizures and generalized epileptic discharges by means of a gate-control mechanism[4].
References
- ^ Terzano, M. G.; Mancia, D.; Salati, M. R.; Costani, G.; Decembrino, A.; Parrino, L. (1985). "The cyclic alternating pattern as a physiologic component of normal NREM sleep". Sleep. 8 (2): 137–145. ISSN 0161-8105. PMID 4012156.
- ^ Parrino, Liborio; Grassi, Andrea; Milioli, Giulia (November 2014). "Cyclic alternating pattern in polysomnography: what is it and what does it mean?". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 20 (6): 533–541. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000100. ISSN 1531-6971. PMID 25188718.
- ^ Parrino, Liborio; Ferri, Raffaele; Bruni, Oliviero; Terzano, Mario G. (February 2012). "Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP): the marker of sleep instability". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 16 (1): 27–45. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.02.003. ISSN 1532-2955. PMID 21616693.
- ^ "Sleep in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: the role oft the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in the gate control of clinical seizures and generalized polyspikes". Epilepsy Research. 46 (3): 241–250. 2001-09-01. doi:10.1016/S0920-1211(01)00280-7. ISSN 0920-1211.
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