Model V
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Comment: This needs some work to get the references in shape (see WP:INCITE for guidance), but wow, this is a great topic. -- RoySmith (talk) 02:05, 7 September 2018 (UTC)
The Model V was among the early[2] electromechanical[3] general purpose computers,[4][5][6] designed by George Stibitz and built by Bell Telephone Laboratories, operational in 1946.
Only two machines were built: first one was installed at National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, second (1947) at Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL).[7][8]
Construction
Design was started in 1944.[9] The tape-controlled (Harvard architecture)[4][10] machine had two (design allowed for a total of six) processors ("computers")[11] that could operate independently,[5][12][13] an early form of multiprocessing.[4][14]
Weighed about 10 short tons (9.1 t).[9][15]
Significance
- Inspired Richard Hamming to investigate the automatic error-correction, which led to invention of Hamming codes[16][17]
- One of the early[2] electromechanical[3] general purpose computers[4][5][6]
- First American machine[18] and first George Stibitz design[19][20] to use floating point arithmetic[21]
- Had an early form of multiprocessing[4][14]
Model VI
Built and used internally by Bell Telephone Laboratories, operational in 1949.
Simplified version of the Model V (only one processor,[22] about half the relays) but with several improvements.[5][23][24]
Bibliography
- Research, United States Office of Naval (1953). A survey of automatic digital computers. Models V and VI. Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy. pp. 9–10 (in reader: 15-16).
- "The relay computers at Bell Labs : those were the machines, part 2". Datamation. The relay computers at Bell Labs : those were the machines, parts 1 and 2 | 102724647 | Computer History Museum. part 2: pp. 47, 49. May 1967.
- Irvine, M. M. (July 2001). "Early digital computers at Bell Telephone Laboratories". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 23 (3). pdf: 25–27. doi:10.1109/85.948904. ISSN 1058-6180.
{{cite journal}}: External link in|others=|ref=harv(help) - Kaisler, Stephen H. (2016). "Chapter Three: Stibitz's Relay Computers". Birthing the Computer: From Relays to Vacuum Tubes. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 35–37. ISBN 9781443896313.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - "Г. – Bell Labs – Model V" [G. – Bell Labs – Model V]. oplib.ru (in Russian). Google translation. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
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Further reading
- Alt, Franz L. (1948). "A Bell Telephone Laboratories' computing machine. I". Mathematics of Computation. 3 (21): 1–13. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-1948-0023118-1. ISSN 0025-5718.
- Alt, Franz L. (1948). "A Bell Telephone Laboratories' computing machine. II". Mathematics of Computation. 3 (22): 69–84. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-1948-0025271-2. ISSN 0025-5718.
- Tomash, Erwin (2008). "The Erwin Tomash Library on the History of Computing: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalog". www.cbi.umn.edu. CBI Hosted Publications. Image: Alt.Bell labs Model V.drawing of Model V, description: A Chapter, pp. 36-37. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
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- Andrews, Ernest G. (1949-09-01). "The Bell Computer, Model VI". Proceedings of a Second Symposium on Large-scale Digital Calculating Machinery: 20–31 (58–69).
- "Bell Laboratories Digital Computers". BELL LABORATORIES RECORD. www.americanradiohistory.com. XXXV (3): 81–84. Mar 1957.
- Ceruzzi, Paul E. (1983). "4. Number, Please - Computers at Bell Labs". Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer, from Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. pp. 95–99. ISBN 9780313233821.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Bullynck, Maarten (2015). "3. Bell Model V Calculator: Tapes and Controls". Programming men and machines. Changing organisation in the artillery computations at Aberdeen Proving Ground (1916-1946). pp. 9–12.
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References
- ^ "Bell Labs Model V, circa 1947 · Gallery". gallery.lib.umn.edu. Retrieved 2018-09-07.
- ^ a b Williams, Samuel Byron (1959). Digital Computing Systems. McGraw-Hill. p. 89.
- ^ a b Research, University of Alabama Bureau of Business (1954). Printed Series. p. 5.
{{cite book}}:|first1=has generic name (help) - ^ a b c d e Randell, B. (2012). The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 239, 352. ISBN 9783642961458.
[...] IBM SSEC [...] was hardly a stored program computer [...] being basically a tape-controlled machine in the tradition of the Harvard Mark I or the Bell Laboratories Model V.
- ^ a b c d Belzer, Jack; Holzman, Albert G.; Kent, Allen (1976). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 3 - Ballistics Calculations to Box-Jenkins Approach to Time Series Analysis and Forecasting. CRC Press. p. 200. ISBN 9780824722531.
- ^ a b Bullynck 2015.
- ^ Ceruzzi 1983, p. 95.
- ^ Datamation 1967, p. 47.
- ^ a b Alt & 21 1948, p. 1.
- ^ Tomash 2008, p. 37.
- ^ Ceruzzi 1983, p. 96.
- ^ Open Library.
- ^
- Amdahl, Gene Myron (1951). The Logical Design of an Intermediate Speed Digital Computer (pdf). University of Wisconsin--Madison. pp. 87–88.
- Alt & 22 1948, p. 75-76
- ^ a b Dasgupta, Subrata (2014-01-07). It Began with Babbage: The Genesis of Computer Science. Oxford University Press. p. 63. ISBN 9780199309429.
- ^ Irvine 2001, p. 25.
- ^ Ceruzzi 1983, p. 98.
- ^ Thompson, Thomas M. (1983). From Error-Correcting Codes Through Sphere Packings to Simple Groups. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–17. ISBN 9780883850374.
- ^ Knuth, Donald E. (2014). Art of Computer Programming, Volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms. Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 378. ISBN 9780321635761.
- ^ Irvine 2001, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Datamation 1967, p. 49.
- ^ Alt & 21 1948, p. 3-4.
- ^ Ceruzzi 1983, p. 95-96, 99.
- ^ Irvine 2001, pp. 26–27.
- ^ Kaisler 2016, pp. 36–37.
External Links
- "Drawing of the Model V". Tomash Collection Images. Tomash (2008)
- "Control Panel, Bell Telephone Laboratories Model 5 Computer". National Museum of American History.
Category:1940s computers Category:Early computers Category:Electro-mechanical computers Category:Computer-related introductions in 1946