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Roderick MacKinnon

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Roderick MacKinnon
MacKinnon in 2014
Born (1956-02-19) 19 February 1956 (age 69)
Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
NationalityUnited States
Alma mater
Known forPotassium Channel Structure
SpouseJue Chen (2017-)
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
Institutions

Roderick MacKinnon (born 19 February 1956) is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Peter Agre in 2003 for his work on the structure and operation of ion channels.[1][2][3]

Scientific contributions

Potassium channels demonstrate a seemingly counterintuitive activity: they permit the passage of potassium ions, whereas they do not allow the passage of the much smaller sodium ions. Before MacKinnon's work, the detailed molecular architecture of potassium channels and the exact means by which they conduct ions remained speculative. In 1998, despite barriers to the structural study of integral membrane proteins that had thwarted most attempts for decades, MacKinnon and colleagues determined the three-dimensional molecular structure of a potassium channel from an actinobacteria, Streptomyces lividans, utilizing X-ray crystallography. With this structure and other biochemical experiments, MacKinnon and colleagues were able to explain the exact mechanism by which potassium channel selectivity occurs.[4][5]

His prize-winning research was conducted primarily at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) of Cornell University, and at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory.[6]

In 2007 he became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[7]

Business activities

MacKinnon is co-inventor with his friend and scientific collaborator, neurobiologist Bruce Bean of Harvard Medical School, of a dietary supplement for treating and preventing muscle cramps; they tested it in clinical trials and are co-founders a company to commercialize their invention, Flex Pharma.[8] Christoph Westphal and Jennifer Cermak were co-founders as well.[9] In 2014 the company described itself as a developer of drugs for neuromuscular disorders, pursuing treatments muscle cramping across a range of conditions including multiple sclerosis, ALS, and cramping in athletes, based on MacKinnon's Nobel Prize winning work on ion channels, and raised a $40 million Series A round.[9][10] The company had a $86 million initial public offering in 2015 and revealed the dietary supplement product and its intent to go to market as a dietary supplement company at that time.[11] In 2016, Flex Pharma released the consumer product "HotShot" as a dietary supplement for endurance athletes.[12]

References

  1. ^ "2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to Researcher Roderick MacKinnon". Brookhaven National Labs. October 8, 2003. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
  2. ^ "Nobel Prize honors Rockefeller University scientist Roderick MacKinnon for revealing process of electrical signaling in humans and other living organisms". The Rockefeller University. October 8, 2003. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  3. ^ Birmingham K (June 2001). "Rod MacKinnon". Nat. Med. 7 (6): 648. doi:10.1038/89005. PMID 11385491.
  4. ^ MacKinnon R, Cohen SL, Kuo A, Lee A, Chait BT (April 1998). "Structural conservation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic potassium channels". Science. 280 (5360): 106–9. Bibcode:1998Sci...280..106M. doi:10.1126/science.280.5360.106. PMID 9525854.
  5. ^ Doyle DA, Morais Cabral J, Pfuetzner RA, et al. (April 1998). "The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity". Science. 280 (5360): 69–77. Bibcode:1998Sci...280...69D. doi:10.1126/science.280.5360.69. PMID 9525859.
  6. ^ "The Chemistry of the Cell". Brookhaven National Lab. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
  7. ^ "R. MacKinnon". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  8. ^ "A Scientific Solution to (Finally) Stop Muscle Cramps". Outside. 1 September 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  9. ^ a b Fidler, Ben (9 September 2014). "To Fight Cramps, Christoph Westphal Taps Boston All-Stars for $40M". Xconomy.
  10. ^ Carroll, John (September 8, 2014). "Christoph Westphal launches another biotech, with the help of some wealthy friends". FierceBiotech.
  11. ^ Garde, Damian (28 January 2015). "Flex Pharma pulls off an $86M IPO for its cramp-treating spice cocktail". Fierce Biotech. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  12. ^ "Fuel Buzz: New HotShot Drink Aimed at Preventing Cramps". Competitor. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
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