Dew computing
Dew Computing
Dew Computing is an information technology (IT) paradigm, that using the core concept of Cloud Computing, seeks to use the capabilities of personal computers along with cloud services.[1] In the last few years, because of the advantages that cloud computing has provided us, technology has been following a trend in which, Cloud Computing has been playing a major role in our computation; But there are some disadvantages to this technology too. Dew Computing is an endeavor to use the advantages provided and in the meantime, minimizing the disadvantages' effect.[2]This sandbox is in the article namespace. Either move this page into your userspace, or remove the {{User sandbox}} template.
History
While Cloud Computing (CC) is expanding rapidly, other models based on the CC have emerged, including, Fog Computing, Edge Computing, Dew Computing, and etc. Each of these models are trying to solve some challenges related to the other models.
Cloud Computing provides universal access and scalability. But the challenges related to having all the resources far from user’s control, occasionally cause problems. In classic CC paradigm in case the Internet connection to the servers is lost, the user would not be able to access his/her data anymore; that’s where Dew Computing can show it’s potential to solve this problem.[2] [3][4][5]
The term Dew Computing as for use in IT first appeared in 2015 in a couple of papers and from then on has been a field of interest for research.
At first, the scope included only web applications, later broader application was proposed.[4]
Definition
Dew Computing is a new computing paradigm that has appeared after Cloud Computing. Dew Computing is a model that seeks to find the potentials of PCs and cloud services. In order to do so, a software on the local PC is organized in a way according to Cloud-Dew architecture. The local PC in this paradigm provides rich functionality independent of the cloud service and at the same time cooperates with the cloud service. [6] However this definition should be expanded to include not only PCs, but also mobile devices, IoT, etc.
The key feature of Dew Computing definition are independence and collaboration. Independence means that the local device must be able to provide service without cloud service and connection to Internet and it is not merely an online application or cloud service.[5] Collaboration means that the application must be able to connect to cloud service and transfers and synchronize data with the cloud service.
The reason behind choosing the word "dew" is that as we know in nature, cloud is far from ground, fog is closer to ground and dew is on the ground. In IT, Cloud Computing is a remote service, Fog Computing is beside the user and Dew Computing is at the user end.
Categories
Depending on the area that we can use Dew Computing, the categories for it are defined.
Web in Dew (WiD)
In WiD category the end device must posses a copy of a fraction of World Wide Web (WWW) or a fraction of it. To satisfy the independence feature the model, the end device contains what the user wants from the actual WWW service, and since the end device is supposed to synchronize with the WWW, it satisfies the collaboration feature of Dew Computing. At first DiW was all about Dew Computing, but in time other categories were created.[2]
Storage in Dew (SiD)
SiD is the category in which the storage of the end device in used end, is partially or fully copied into the cloud. A good example of this category is DropBox in which a user can create a folder in the cloud and have access to the folder and the files in the folder once the synchronization has been done. Since the user can access the files whenever needed, without needing Internet access meet the independence feature of Dew Computing and since the folder synchronizes itself and the content it also meets collaboration feature of the model.[2]
Database in Dew (DBiD)
In this category, the local device and the cloud store copies of the same database. One of these two databases is considered as the main version. Whether the local version is the main one or the one in the cloud is defined by the database administrator. This service increases the reliability of a database since one of the databases can act as the backup for the other.[2]
Software in Dew (SiD)
In SiD, the configuration and ownership of a software are saved in the cloud too. Good examples of this category are Apple App Store and Google Play in which, you own applications based on your account and you can have them wherever on whatever device you want to have them on.[2]
Platform in Dew (PiD)
In PiD an application must have an installed and running version of a suite of software development and operation on the cloud along with the version in the local device. Software Development Kits like GitHub are fine examples of the category.[2]
Infrastructure as Dew (IaD)
IaDs are the category in which one device has a duplicate of itself on the cloud. It can be virtual copy of the machine or device on the cloud or a duplicate of the setting and configuration including everything. In this case the user must be able to have the same system and applications with the same settings if he wishes. Currently only a few cellphone companies provide this service and in case one loses his phone, he can buy a new phone and have a replicate of the old phone’s machine on the new phone.[2]
Data in Dew (DiD)
In case one Dew Computing application satisfies the two independence and collaboration feature, but can not be a member of the six latter groups, it falls to this categories. Novell Groupwise email client and many cellphone applications are examples of this categories.[2]
Possible Challenges
As a new paradigm Dew Computing face a number of technical challenges listed below.[7]
Power Management
Since the local dew service is supposed to synchronize with cloud continuously, it will consume power without stop. However to solve the challenge, stand-by mode can be employed, meaning that when the user needs service, the local dew server can act as supposed to act.[7]
Processor Utility
Currently, most of the computing machines use multi-core processors with much more capabilities even needed for. Dew Computers must be able to use scalable mechanisms to use cores based on the need.[7]
Data Storage
Dew Computers are supposed to use the limited storage of the device where they are limited. Because of this limit a new method must be used.[7]
Viability of Operating System
Per usability, operating systems may get incorporated with a set of service-specific modules to facilitate dew applications. Besides process, memory and device management, dew management could be added on top of operating system. In-built dew services could be a core or extended function of such operating system. This would reduce the self-imposed load Dew Server, hence disseminating a better Dew Computing services. Another very interesting approach could also be furnished i.e. scalability. Operating system may leverage special module to manage scalability in internal level.[7]
Network Model
As for now, only a few applications run in Dew Computing base. But in the future we will have more applications for it and we will need probably to exploit a bigger number of ports to transfer data. To avoid this limitation on the number of ports, some suggest including more layers like context layer and dew application layer on top of existing Open System Interconnect model.[7]
Communication Protocol
Because of the foreseen future expand in dew applications, new communication protocols are needed to meet the new hypertext information passing, propagation among peers, and visualization.[7]
Programming Principles
Again to meet the needs of the future demand in dew applications, there is a need to develop new programming models.[7]
Dew Recommender Engine
To satisfy users need a dew server must decide the fraction of the web it must hold in local. To be able to decide the best and most relevant fraction, a recommender system can be employed to maximize the experience satisfaction and minimize time and bandwidth usage.[7]
Local Dew Network
Since dew computers are supposed to be able to respond to all users’ need even in case of internet connection disconnection, and this might put a heavy load on the dew computer, the current local network protocols, might not be able to respond the need.[7]
Personal High Productivity
Dew Computers shall be less complex and use less resources compared to Cloud and Fog Computers. That is why they are going to be probably less productive in information processing capabilities. One solution could be to incorporate Distributed High Productive Information Processing notion into its environment.[7]
Database Security
Since the data is the main thing that is transferred through Dew Computing, and knowing that the end user device holds a copy of data or database in the device, and the fact that the Dew Computer continuously synchronizes itself with the cloud, there appears to be big demand for having a reliable system for having a safe service while serving to a newbie user .[7]
Behavior of Browser
A Dew-Server may host multiple Dew Sites which the user would require while surfing at any point of time. Hence, the browser should be able to relocate the Dew Site, being hosted inside the Dew Server.[7]
References
- ^ Hu, Yu-Chen; Tiwari, Shailesh; Mishra, Krishn K.; Trivedi, Munesh C., eds. (2018). "Intelligent Communication and Computational Technologies". Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5523-2. ISSN 2367-3370.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wang, Yingwei (2016). "Definition and Categorization of Dew Computing". Open Journal of Cloud Computing (OJCC). 3 (1). ISSN 2199-1987.
- ^ "Cloud-dew architecture : realizing the potential of distributed database systems in unreliable networks - Semantic Scholar". Retrieved 2018-06-30.
- ^ a b "Dew helps ground cloud computing". Retrieved 2018-06-30.
- ^ a b Yingwei, Wang, (2015). "The initial definition of dew computing". Dew Computing Research.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Doing More with the Dew: A New Approach to Cloud-Dew Architecture - Semantic Scholar". Retrieved 2018-06-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "An Introduction to Dew Computing: Definition, Concept and Implications - IEEE Journals & Magazine". ieeexplore.ieee.org. Retrieved 2018-06-30.