Solid-state transformer
A solid-state transformer (SST) or power electronic transformer (PET) is actually an AC-to-AC converter, a type of electric power converter). It replaces a conventional transformer, usually for AC electric power distribution. The main types are "true" AC-to-AC converter (with no DC stages) and AC-to-DC-to-DC-to-AC converter (in which an active rectifier supplies power to a DC-to-DC converter, which supplies power to a power inverter). A solid-state transformer can actively regulate voltage and current. Operating at high frequency, it can be smaller and more efficient than a conventional transformer operating at utility frequency. The AC-to-AC converter or DC-to-DC converter typically contains a transformer, which provides electrical isolation and carries the full power, but it is much smaller because it operates at high frequency. Some can convert single-phase power to three-phase power and vice-versa. Variations can input or output DC power to reduce the number of conversions, for greater end-to-end efficiency. As a complex electronic circuit, it must be designed to withstand lightning and other surges. Solid-state transformer is an emerging technology.
References
- "Are Solid-State Transformers Ready for Prime Time?".
- "Solid State Transformer For Power Distribution Applications" (PDF).