Module:Sandbox/Erutuon/Climate

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Usage

Exports a function that calculates the Köppen climate classification of monthly average temperature and precipitation data in degrees Celsius and millimeters, based on the formulas described in the Wikipedia article.

Function

|Koeppen_template=

Parameters:

|1=, |2=

Temperatures and precipitation figures (12, one per month), separated by any characters that are not digits (0-9), hyphen-minuses (-), or periods (.).

|3=yes

Indicates that the data is from a location in the Southern Hemisphere. The default is the Northern Hemisphere. This is used to determine the high-sun and low-sun halves of the year.

|alt_CD=

Use -3 °C as the dividing line between C and D climates. The default is 0 °C.

|alt_hk=

Cold semi-arid and arid climates (last letter k) have mean annual temperatures below 18 °C. The default is that they have at least one month below 0 °C.

|alt_w=

Dry-winter climates (last letter w) have more than 70% of precipitation in high-sun half of year. Default is that wettest summer month has ten times as much precipitation as driest winter month.

Examples

The above documentation is transcluded from Module:Sandbox/Erutuon/Climate/doc. (edit | history)
Editors can experiment in this module's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages.
Subpages of this module.

local p = {}

local use_alt_CD_isotherm = false
local use_alt_hk_isotherm = false
local use_alt_w_isotherm = false

local map = require "Module:Utility".map

local function errorf(level, ...)
	if type(level) == number then
		return error(string.format(...), level + 1)
	else -- level is actually the format string.
		return error(string.format(level, ...), 2)
	end
end

local function count(func, t)
	local count = 0
	for _, v in ipairs(t) do
		if func(v) then
			count = count + 1
		end
	end
	return count
end


local function make_arr_and_varargs_func(varargs_func)
	local function arr_func (arr, i, j)
		i = i or 1
		j = j or #arr
		assert(i > 0 and j > 0)
		
		if i == j then
			return arr[i]
		elseif i < j then -- |---i+++j---|
			return varargs_func(unpack(arr, i, j))
		else -- |+++j---i+++|
			return varargs_func(varargs_func(unpack(arr, 1, j)),
				varargs_func(unpack(arr, i)))
		end
	end
	
	return function (...)
		if type(...) == 'table' then -- if first argument is table
			if select(2, ...) then -- if second argument
				return arr_func(...)
			else
				return varargs_func(unpack((...)))
			end
		else
			return varargs_func(...)
		end
	end
end

local function sum_varargs (...)
	local n = select('#', ...)
	local result = 0
	for i = 1, n do
		result = result + select(i, ...)
	end
	return result
end

local mean = make_arr_and_varargs_func(
	function (...)
		return sum_varargs(...) / select('#', ...)
	end)
local sum = make_arr_and_varargs_func(sum_varargs)
local min_and_max = make_arr_and_varargs_func(
	function (...)
		local min, max = math.huge, -math.huge
		for i = 1, select('#', ...) do
			local val = select(i, ...)
			if val < min then
				min = val
			end
			if val > max then
				max = val
			end
		end
		return min, max
	end)
local get_min_and_max_objects = make_arr_and_varargs_func(
	function (...)
		local min, max = math.huge, -math.huge
		local min_index, max_index
		for i = 1, select('#', ...) do
			local val = select(i, ...)
			if type(val) == "table" then
				i = val.index
				val = val.value
			end
			if val < min then
				min = val
				min_index = i
			end
			if val > max then
				max = val
				max_index = i
			end
		end
		return { value = min, index = min_index }, { value = max, index = max_index}
	end)

local function min_index(t)
	local index
	local min = math.huge
	for i, v in ipairs(t) do
		if v < min then
			min = v
			index = i
		end
	end
	return index
end

local function max_index(t)
	local index
	local max = -math.huge
	for i, v in ipairs(t) do
		if v > max then
			max = v
			index = i
		end
	end
	return index
end

local function in_range(val, low, high)
	if low < high then -- |---i+++j---|
		return low <= val and val <= high
	else -- |+++j---i+++|
		return val < high or low < val
	end
end

local function mean_of_highs_and_lows(highs, lows)
	local high_count, low_count = #highs, #lows
	-- for now, no annual average accepted
	if not (high_count == 12 and low_count == 12) then
		errorf("Wrong number of highs or lows (%d, %d): expected 12 each",
			high_count, low_count)
	elseif high_count ~= low_count then
		errorf("Number of highs (%d) is not equal to number of lows (%d)",
			high_count, low_count)
	end
	
	local temperatures = {}
	
	for i = 1, high_count do
		if highs[i] <= lows[i] then
			errorf("High #%d (%d) is not greater than low #%d (%d)",
				i, highs[i], i, lows[i])
		end
		temperatures[i] = mean(highs[i], lows[i])
	end
	
	return temperatures
end

local seasons = { summer = { south = { 10, 3 }, north = { 4, 9 } } }
seasons.winter = {}
seasons.winter.south = { seasons.summer.south[2] + 1, seasons.summer.south[1] - 1 }
seasons.winter.north = { seasons.summer.north[2] + 1, seasons.summer.north[1] - 1 }

local function construct(self, val, Southern_Hemisphere)
	val = val or {}
	val.summer_months = seasons.summer[Southern_Hemisphere and "south" or "north"]
	val.winter_months = seasons.winter[Southern_Hemisphere and "south" or "north"]
	return setmetatable(val, self)
end

local precipitation_mt = {}
function precipitation_mt:__index(key)
	if key == "sum" then
		local sum = sum(self)
		self.sum = sum
		return sum
	
	elseif key == "summer_sum" then
		if not self.summer_months then error("No summer months specified") end
		local summer_sum = sum(self, unpack(self.summer_months))
		self.summer_sum = summer_sum
		return summer_sum
	
	elseif key == "winter_sum" then
		if not self.winter_months then error("No summer months specified") end
		local winter_sum = sum(self, unpack(self.winter_months))
		self.winter_sum = winter_sum
		return winter_sum
	
	elseif key == "winter_min" or key == "winter_max" then
		local winter_min, winter_max =
			get_min_and_max_objects(self, unpack(self.winter_months))
		self.winter_min, self.winter_max = winter_min, winter_max
		if key == "winter_min" then
			return winter_min
		else
			return winter_max
		end
		
	elseif key == "summer_min" or key == "summer_max" then
		local summer_min, summer_max =
			get_min_and_max_objects(self, unpack(self.summer_months))
		self.summer_min, self.summer_max = summer_min, summer_max
		if key == "summer_min" then
			return summer_min
		else
			return summer_max
		end
	
	-- Get objects containing the value and the index of the value (to make it
	-- possible to determine whether maximum or minimum precipitation occurs in
	-- the high- or low-sun half of the year).
	elseif key == "min" or key == "max" then
		local min, max = get_min_and_max_objects(self)
		self.min, self.max = min, max
		if key == "min" then
			return min
		else
			return max
		end
	end
end

local temperatures_mt = {}
function temperatures_mt:__index(key)
	if key == "mean" then
		local mean = mean(self)
		self.mean = mean
		return mean
	
	-- Get objects containing the value and the index of the value (to make it
	-- possible to determine whether maximum or minimum precipitation occurs in
	-- the high- or low-sun half of the year).
	elseif key == "min" or key == "max" then
		local min, max = get_min_and_max_objects(self)
		self.min, self.max = min, max
		if key == "min" then
			return min
		else
			return max
		end
	
	elseif key == "above_10" then
		local above_10 = count(
			function (temperature)
				return temperature > 10
			end,
			self)
		self.above_10 = above_10
		return above_10
	end
end

local function get_aridity_threshold(mean_temp, total_precip, total_summer_precip)
	local summer_precip_fraction = total_summer_precip / total_precip
	return mean_temp * 20
		+ (summer_precip_fraction >= 0.7 and 280
		or summer_precip_fraction >= 0.3 and 140
		or 0)
end

local function get_first_letter(min_month_temp, max_month_temp)
	return max_month_temp <  10 and "E"
		or min_month_temp <  (use_alt_CD_isotherm and -3 or 0) and "D"
		or min_month_temp >= 18 and "A"
		or "C"
end

-- in C:      cond ? a : b
-- in Python: a if cond else b
local function ternary(cond, a, b)
	if cond then
		return a
	else
		return b
	end
end

-- Temperatures and precipitation are tables of mean monthly temperature and
-- precipitation. Or temperatures can be a table containing a table of monthly
-- mean of daily highs and monthly mean of daily lows.
-- Units: °C, mm.
function p.Koeppen(temperatures, precipitation, Southern_Hemisphere)
	local temperature_count = #temperatures
	if temperature_count == 2 then
		local highs_and_lows = temperatures
		temperatures = mean_of_highs_and_lows(unpack(temperatures))
	elseif temperature_count ~=  12 then
		errorf("Wrong number of temperatures (expected 12, got %d)",
			temperature_count)
	elseif #precipitation ~= 12 then
		errorf("Wrong number of precipitation stats (expected 12, got %d)",
			#precipitation)
	end
	
	temperatures = construct(temperatures_mt, temperatures, Southern_Hemisphere)
	precipitation = construct(precipitation_mt, precipitation, Southern_Hemisphere)
	
	local aridity_threshold =
		get_aridity_threshold(temperatures.mean, precipitation.sum, precipitation.summer_sum)
	
	if precipitation.sum <= aridity_threshold then
		return "B"
			 .. (precipitation.sum < aridity_threshold / 2 and "W" or "S") -- arid, semi-arid
			 .. (ternary(use_alt_hk_isotherm, temperatures.mean < 18, temperatures.min.value < 0)
			 	and "k" or "h")
	end
	
	local first_letter = get_first_letter(temperatures.min.value, temperatures.max.value)
	
	if first_letter == "E" then
		return first_letter .. (temperatures.max.value < 0 and "F" or "T")
	elseif first_letter == "A" then
		return first_letter
			.. (precipitation.min.value >= 60 and "f"
			or  precipitation.min.value / precipitation.sum > 0.04 and "m"
			or  in_range(precipitation.min.index, unpack(precipitation.summer_months))
				and "s"
			or  "w")
	else
		local second_letter =
			ternary(use_alt_w_isotherm, precipitation.sum / precipitation.summer_sum >= 0.7,
				precipitation.summer_max.value > precipitation.winter_min.value * 10)
				and "w"
			or precipitation.summer_min.value < 30
				and precipitation.winter_max.value > precipitation.summer_min.value * 3
				and "s"
			or "f"
		
		local third_letter
		if temperatures.above_10 <= 3 then
			if temperatures.min.value < -38 then
				third_letter = "d"
			else
				third_letter = "c"
			end
		elseif temperatures.max.value < 22 then
			third_letter = "b"
		else
			third_letter = "a"
		end
		
		return first_letter .. second_letter .. third_letter
	end
end

local function gather_numbers(str)
	local arr = {}
	local i = 0
	for number in str:gmatch('%-?%d+%.?%d*') do
		i = i + 1
		arr[i] = tonumber(number)
	end
	return arr
end

function p.Koeppen_template(frame)
	local temperature_string = frame.args[1]
	local precipitation_string = frame.args[2]
	
	local temperatures, precipitation =
		gather_numbers(temperature_string), gather_numbers(precipitation_string)
	local yesno = require 'Module:yesno'
	local Southern_Hemisphere = yesno(frame.args[3])
	if yesno(frame.args.alt_CD) then
		use_alt_CD_isotherm = true
	end
	if yesno(frame.args.alt_hk) then
		use_alt_hk_isotherm = true
	end
	if yesno(frame.args.alt_w) then
		use_alt_w_isotherm = true
	end
	
	return p.Koeppen(temperatures, precipitation, Southern_Hemisphere)
end

return p