Project Jupyter
 | |
| Abbreviation | Jupyter |
|---|---|
| Formation | 2015 |
| Type | 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization |
| Purpose | To support interactive data science and scientific computing across all programming languages.[1] |
Region served | Worldwide |
Official language | English |
| Website | www |
Project Jupyter is a nonprofit organization created to "develop open-source software, open-standards, and services for interactive computing across dozens of programming languages." Spun-off from IPython in 2014 by Fernando Pérez, Project Jupyter supports execution environments in several dozen languages. Project Jupyter's name is a reference to the three core programming languages supported by Jupyter, which are Julia, Python and R. Project Jupyter has developed and supported the interactive computing products Jupyter Notebook, Jupyter Hub, and Jupyter Lab, the next-generation version of Jupyter Notebook.
History
In 2014, Fernando Pérez announced a spin-off project from IPython called Project Jupyter.[2] IPython continued to exist as a Python shell and a kernel for Jupyter, while the notebook and other language-agnostic parts of IPython moved under the Jupyter name.[3][4] Jupyter is language agnostic and its name is a reference to core programming languages supported by Jupyter which are Julia, Python and R[5], and it supports execution environment (aka kernels) in several dozen of languages among which Julia, R, Haskell, Ruby and of course Python (via the IPython kernel).[6]
In 2015, GitHub and the Jupyter Project announced native rendering of Jupyter notebooks file format (.ipynb files) on the GitHub platform.[7][8]
Philosophy
Project Jupyter's operating philosophy is to support interactive data science and scientific computing across all programming languages via the development of open-source software. According to the Project Jupyter website, "Jupyter will always be 100% open-source software, free for all to use and released under the liberal terms of the modified BSD license."[1]
Products
Jupyter Notebook
Jupyter Notebook (Formerly IPython Notebooks) is a web-based interactive computational environment for creating Jupyter notebooks documents. The "notebook" term can colloquially make reference to many different entities, mainly the Jupyter web application, Jupyter python web server, or Jupyter document format depending on context. A Jupyter Notebook document is a JSON document, following a versioned schema, and containing an ordered list of input/output cells which can contain code, text (using Markdown), mathematics, plots and rich media, usually ending with the ".ipynb" extension.
Jupyter notebooks document can be converted to a number of open standard output formats (HTML, presentation slides, LaTeX, PDF, ReStructuredText, Markdown, Python) through 'Download As' in the web interface, via the nbconvert library or 'jupyter nbconvert' comand line interface in a shell.
To simplify visualisation of Jupyter notebook documents on the web, the nbconvert library is provided as a service through NbViewer which can take a URL to any publicly available notebook document, convert it to HTML on the file and display it to the user.
Jupyter Notebook provides a browser-based REPL built upon a number of popular open-source libraries:
Jupyter Notebook can connect to many kernels, (by default Jupyter Notebook ships with the IPython kernel) to allow programming in many languages. As of the 2.3 release[9][10] (October 2014), there are currently 49 Jupyter-compatible kernels for as many programming languages, including Python, R, Julia and Haskell.[11]
he Notebook interface was added to IPython in the 0.12 release[12] (December 2011), renamed to Jupyter notebook in 2015 (IPython 4.0 – Jupyter 1.0). Jupyter Notebook is similar to the notebook interface of other programs such as Maple, Mathematica, and SageMath, a computational interface style that originated with Mathematica in the 1980s[13]. According to The Atlantic Journal, Jupyter interest overtook the popularity of the Mathematica notebook interface in early 2018[13].
Jupyter Hub
JupyterHub is a multi-user server for Jupyter Notebooks. It is designed to support many users by spawning, managing, and proxying many singular Jupyter Notebook servers.
Jupyter Lab
JupyterLab is the next-generation user interface for Project Jupyter. It offers all the familiar building blocks of the classic Jupyter Notebook (notebook, terminal, text editor, file browser, rich outputs, etc.) in a flexible and powerful user interface.
In the Media
The Jupyter notebook format is increasingly seen as one contender for the future of the research papers that offers many advantages over closed source competitors according to Paul Romer.[14][13].
Grants and Awards
On May 2nd, 2018, the steering committee of Project Jupyter was awarded the ACM Software System Award, an annual award that honors people or an organization "for developing a software system that has had a lasting influence, reflected in contributions to concepts, in commercial acceptance, or both". [15]
- ^ a b "Project Jupyter - About Us". 2018-04-20. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
- ^ "Project Jupyter // Speaker Deck".
- ^ "The Notebook, Qt console and a number of other pieces are now parts of Jupyter".
- ^ "The Big Split™".
- ^ https://github.com/jupyter/design/wiki/Jupyter-Logo
- ^ "Project Jupyter | Home".
- ^ sshirokov (2015-05-07). "GitHub + Jupyter Notebooks = <3". The GitHub Blog. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
- ^ "Rendering Notebooks on GitHub – Jupyter Blog". Jupyter Blog. 2015-05-07. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
- ^ "What's new in IPython > Issues closed in the 2.x development cycle".
- ^ "What's new in IPython > 2.0 Series".
- ^ "Jupyter kernels > List of (some) IPython compatible kernels".
- ^ "Notebook's announcement- 0.12 release note".
- ^ a b c Somers, James. "The Scientific Paper Is Obsolete". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
- ^ "Jupyter, Mathematica, and the Future of the Research Paper – Paul Romer". paulromer.net. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
- ^ "Software System Award". ACM Awards. Association for Computing Machinery. Retrieved April 28, 2016.