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Third File Rook

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In shogi, Third File Rook (三間飛車 sangenbisha or sankenbisha) is a class of Ranging Rook openings in which the rook is positioned on the third file if played by White or the seventh file if played by Black.

Types

There are two basic forms for Third File Rook. The first form is similar to other Normal Ranging Rook openings such as Fourth File Rook. Here, the bishop is moved to the 77 square (Black) or the 33 square (White) often in order to prevent a Static Rook opponent's pawn exchange on the eighth (or second) file.

The other Third File Rook form is known as Ishida. In contrast, the seventh file pawn (Black) or the third file pawn (White) is pushed up to the middle rank. This gives an option for the Ishida Third File Rook player's rook to be positioned on the 76 square (Black) or the 34 square (White).

Furthermore, Third File Rook positions can be categorized by whether they keep the player's bishop diagonal open or closed. Normal Third File Rook and Normal Ishida Third File Rook close their bishop's diagonal. Quick Ishida is an aggressive variant of Ishida can keeps the bishop diagonal open allowing for a bishop exchange at an opportune timing.

Normal Third File Rook

3...R-32. White shows their intent to play Third File Rook.

4. P-25. Pushing their rook pawn up to the middle rank is an important move if Black wants to prevent White from forming an Ishida formation and thus limit White's range of possible future attack strategies. After the pawn push, White must protect their 24 square with their bishop in order to prevent the pawn exchange.

If Black makes a different move (such as 4. S-48, for instance), then White will likely aim for the Ishida structure by pushing their third file pawn up and then moving their rook up to rank 4. The elevated rook can then defend rank 4 and prevent Black from making a pawn exchange on the second file.

4...B-33. White uses the bishop to protect the second file.

Kōyan

The Kōyan variation (コーヤン流 kōyan-ryū) of Third File Rook is named after the nickname, コーヤン kōyan, of professional player Isao Nakata who invented the strategy.[1]

This set of strategies is designed to be able to dismantle an Anaguma castle of a Static Rook player as well as being able to withstand Static Rook rapid attack strategies.

Isao Nakata XP
Isao Nakata XP
☖ pieces in hand: –
987654321 
香桂    金桂王1
 飛  金  銀香2
歩  歩銀 角歩歩3
  歩 歩歩歩  4
 歩      歩5
  歩歩歩歩歩  6
歩歩角 銀金桂歩 7
  飛  玉銀  8
香桂   金  香9
☗ pieces in hand: –

The Isao Nakata XP (中田功XP) has gained attention as way of playing against Static Rook Anaguma. It was created by professional player Isao Nakata (also known as Kōyan), and then introduced and popularized in Akira Shima's famous book on Ranging Rook strategy. It was Shima in this same book who gave it the "XP" name, taken from the fact that at the time of the writing of the book Microsoft Windows XP was the latest version of Windows.

It is often said that Static Rook Anaguma is a natural enemy of Third File Rook Ranging Rook openings. Traditionally, the side playing Ranging Rook would go for a Mino castle with an eye towards an attacking race, resulting often in the Static Rook Anaguma surviving thanks to its solidity and distance.

Of course, other Ranging Rook strategies had been in decline due to Anaguma, but regarding Fourth File Rook strategies the Fujii System had developed as a countermeasure against Static Rook Anaguma. In Third File Rook strategies, however, no countermeasure had appeared, and even the countermeasures of the Fujii System against Anaguma had begun to be adopted.

It was at that point that Nakata, whose specialty is Third File Rook, caused a stir. The gist of it consists in the King not forming a Mino, stopping before moving to 39 (or at 62 in the case of White), breaking down Anaguma by the dual use of an edge attack and the power of the bishop. The reason for not entering the king onto Mino is to reduce the number of moves to build up the castle and hence preparing for fast attack, and most importantly to keep one's king away from the backlash that will occur as a result of the edge attack.

Third file pawn push forms (☖P-35 ☗P-75)

There are two Third File Rook formations with an early pawn push on the third file to the middle rank 5 (or the seventh file if Third File Rook is played by Black). The most popular form is the Ishida formation in which the pushed pawn is defended directly by the rook. There are two Ishida variations, Real Ishida and Quick Ishida. The other form is a slow game variation in which the pushed is instead defended by a developed left silver.

☗P-75 ☗S-76 (Non-Ishida)

Here the seventh file pawn is pushed to the 75 square early in the opening. It is a slow game as the Third Rook player has closed their bishop diagonal with P-66. Instead of the more common Ishida formation, this variation uses the left silver to support the advanced pawn on the seventh file. Yasuharu Ōyama used the opening a number of times in the 1970s. In the mid-1970s, this opening was considered an old style of playing.[2]

Example game: Kunio Yonenaga vs Makoto Nakahara November 1976[3]

Ishida

Real Ishida
Real Ishida (Third File Rook)
☖ pieces in hand: –
987654321 
         1
         2
         3
         4
  歩      5
歩 飛歩銀   歩6
角歩桂 歩歩歩歩 7
    金 銀玉 8
香    金 桂香9
☗ pieces in hand: –
(with Mino castle)

Real Ishida [ja] or Ishida Plenary Formation (石田流 Ishida ryu)

The Third File Rook Ishida openings are named after the 17th century shogi master Kengyo Ishida.

Quick Ishida
Quick Ishida
☖ pieces in hand: –
987654321 
香桂銀金王金銀桂香1
 飛     角 2
歩 歩歩歩歩 歩歩3
      歩  4
 歩歩      5
         6
歩歩 歩歩歩歩歩歩7
 角飛  玉   8
香桂銀金 金銀桂香9
☗ pieces in hand: –
Main article: Quick Ishida

Quick Ishida (早石田 haya Ishida) is a Third File Rook opening characterized by an early advancement of Black's seventh file pawn (or White's third file pawn).[4][5][6]

Quick Ishida is related to the slow variant of Ishida in that both openings advance their seventh file pawn to the e rank.

The strategy initially has White aiming to attack Black's bishop head and Black aiming to break White's camp on the seventh file with the threat of several different bishop drop positions.

The Quick Ishida position can lead to a number of traps if the opponent does not defend properly.

See also

References

  1. ^ 中田, 功 (2017) [2003]. コーヤン流三間飛車の極意. マイナビ出版. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  2. ^ Townhill (1976)
  3. ^ https://shogidb2.com/games/efa9762307a66ba396a839dfbf90c25af460e69a
  4. ^ Kitao 2011, p. 203–210, Chap. 2: Static Rook vs. Swinging Rook: 3rd-file Rook, Quick Ishida.
  5. ^ Kitao 2013, p. 135–150, Chap. 2: Ishida style: Quick Ishida.
  6. ^ Hosking 2013, p. 217–219, Part 2, Chap. 3: Third File Rook: Quick Ishida attack.

Bibliography

  • Hosking, Tony (1996). The art of shogi. The Shogi Foundation. ISBN 978-0-95310-890-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Kiriyama, Kiyozumi (1979). "The counter third-file rook opening (tai-sangenbisha)". Shogi (21). Translated by Fairbairn, John: 13–16.
  • Kitao, Madoka (2011). Joseki at a glance. Translated by Kawasaki, Tomohide. Nekomado. ISBN 978-4-9052-2501-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Kitao, Madoka (2013). Sabaki at a glance. Translated by Kawasaki, Tomohide. Nekomado. ISBN 978-4-9052-2510-2.
  • Ōuchi, Nobuyuki (1979). "The third file rook". Shogi (20). Translated by Fairbairn, John: 4–7.
  • タップダイス [Taps Dies] (2017). 三間飛車ＶＳ超急戦. TOKIDA. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Townhill, Glyndon (1976). "Championship games No. 2". Shogi (2): 12–15.
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