List of operating systems

Operating systems can be categorized by technology (Unix-like or others such as Windows), ownership and license (proprietary or open source), working state (historic like MS-DOS and OS/2 or current like Linux and Windows), application (general like Linux, Windows), desktop only (MS-DOS, MacOS), mainframe only (VM), real-time or embedded only (QNX), PDA, or purpose (production, research, hobby). Naturally, these groupings overlap.

Early, and historically important

• CTSS (The Compatible Timeshare System, developed at MIT by Corbato, et al)
• Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS, developed at MIT for the DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
• THE multiprogramming system (by Dijkstra et al.)
• Multics (joint OS development project by Bell Labs, GE, and MIT)
• Master programme (developed for Leo Computers, Leo III in 1962)
• RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (developed by Regnecentralen in 1969)

See also: Operating systems timeline

Early, proprietary microcomputer OS

• Apple Computer Apple DOS (initial version was Read-only memory firmware together with Integer BASIC; later versions included a Microsoft BASIC)
• Business Operating System (BOS) - cross platform, command-line based
• Commodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20,
• The very first IBM-PC (3 OS offered to start, UCSD p-System, CP/M-86, PC-DOS)
• Sinclair Micro and QX, etc
• TRS-DOS, NEW-DOS, ROM OS's (largely Microsoft BASIC implementations with file system extensions)
• TI-99/4A
• Flex (by Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800 based microcomputers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
• FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based micros)
• mini-FLEX (by TSC for 5.25" disks on 6800 based machines)
• CMT-ROS

Proprietary

Acorn

• Arthur
• ARX
• MOS (on the BBC Micro and BBC Master)
• RISC OS
• RISC iX (based on 4.3BSD)

Amiga

• AmigaOS
• Amiga Unix, a.k.a. Amix

Apple/Macintosh

• Apple DOS
• ProDOS
• GS/OS
• SOS (Sophisticated Operating System)
• Lisa OS
• A/UX
• MkLinux
• Mac OS
  • System Software 1
  • System Software 2
  • System Software 3
  • System Software 4
  • System Software 5
  • System Software 6
  • System 7 (code-named "Big Bang")
  • Mac OS 8
  • Mac OS 9
• Mac OS X
  • Mac OS X v10.0 (aka Mac OS X 10.0 "Cheetah")
  • Mac OS X v10.1 (aka Mac OS X 10.1 "Puma")
  • Mac OS X v10.2 (aka Mac OS X 10.2 "Jaguar")
  • Mac OS X v10.3 (aka Mac OS X 10.3 "Panther")
  • Mac OS X v10.4 (aka Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger")
  • Mac OS X v10.5 (aka Mac OS X 10.5 "Leopard")
• Mac OS X Server
• Darwin -- open source underpinnings to MacOS X, based on FreeBSD and NextStep

Array Networks

• ArrayOS

Burroughs (later Unisys)

• BTOS
• MCP

Convergent Technologies

Later acquired by Unisys.

• CTOS

Be Incorporated

• BeOS
  • BeIA
• ZETA (formerly BeOS)

Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP

• AIS
• OS/8
• ITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)
• MPE (from HP)
• TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)
• WAITS
• TENEX (from BBN)
• TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)
• RSTS/E (ran on several machines, chiefly PDP-11s)
• RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)
• RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)
• DSM-11 DEC Standard MUMPS
• VMS (by DEC for the VAX mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS)
• Domain/OS (originally Aegis, from Apollo Computer who were bought by HP)
• HP-UX
• RTE HP's Real Time Executive (ran on the HP 1000)
• TSB HP's Time Share Basic (yes, it was an operating system, ran on the HP 2000 series)
• Ultrix
• Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, and which became HP's Tru64)
• NonStop Kernel (Originally from Tandem Computers for their line of fault-tolerant platforms; originally called Guardian). It supports concurrent execution of:
  • Guardian
  • OSS (POSIX-compliant Open System Services)

Honeywell

• KSOS-6 Kernelized secure operating system for the Honeywell Level-6 minicomputer.

Intel

• iRMX-86 real-time operating system, variants for other processor families like iRMX-88, iRMX-386, manuals

IBM

• PC-DOS (originally nearly indistinguishable from Microsoft MS-DOS)
• OS/2 (developed jointly with Microsoft)
  • OS/2 Warp
  • eComStation (licensed to Serenity Systems International)
• Basic Operating System (first system released for the System 360, as an interim)
• TOS
• OS/360 (first OS planned for the System 360 architecture)
• DOS/360
• DOS/VSE
• z/VSE (latest version of the VSE line)
• VM/CMS
• z/VM (latest version of the VM line)
• MFT (later called OS/VS1)
• MVT (later called OS/VS2)
• SVS
• MVS (latest variant of MVT)
• TPF
• OS/390
• z/OS, Unix-like, (latest version of IBM mainframe OS)
• System Support Product, or SSP, for IBM System/34 and System/36 minicomputers
• i5/OS formerly OS/400
• AIX (a version of Unix)
• AOS (a version of BSD Unix)
• ALCS
• IBSYS
• DPPX
• K42

IBM has also contributed a significant amount of code to the open source operating system Linux (below).

Microsoft

• Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in '90s)
• MSX-DOS (developed by MS Japan for the MSX 8-bit computer)
• MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22)
• Windows CE (OS for handhelds, embedded devices, and real-time applications that is similar to other versions of Windows)
  • Windows CE 3.0
  • Windows Mobile (based on Windows CE, but for a smaller form factor)
  • Windows CE 5.0
• Microsoft Windows
  • Windows 1.0
  • Windows 2.0
  • Windows 3.0 (the first version to make substantial commercial impact)
  • Windows 3.1x
  • Windows 3.2 (Chinese only release)
  • Windows 95 (aka Windows 4.0)
  • Windows 98 (aka Windows 4.1)
  • Windows 98 Second Edition (often shortened to Windows 98 SE) (aka Windows 4.2)
  • Windows Millennium Edition (often shortened to Windows Me) (aka Windows 4.9, not 4.3 due to the version number)
• OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM)
• Windows NT
  • Windows NT 3.1
  • Windows NT 3.5
  • Windows NT 3.51
  • Windows NT 4.0
  • Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0)
  • Windows XP (aka Windows NT 5.1) (codename: Whistler)
  • Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2)
  • Windows Vista (aka Windows NT 6.0) (codename: Longhorn)
  • Windows Fundamentals (for legacy PCs)
• WinPE

Non-Standard Language

• Symbolics Genera written in a systems dialect of the Lisp programming language called ZetaLisp, for this reason referred to as Lisp machines.
• Texas Instruments' Explorer Lisp machine workstations also had systems code written in Lisp Machine Lisp.
• The Mesa programming language was used to implement some (all?) systems code in Xerox Star workstations.

Other

• Desqview, allows running multiple copies of DOS concurrently on one machine.
• EOS (Operating System), developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
• GCOS is a proprietary Operating System originally developed by General Electric
• GOS (Galaxy Operating System) is a new operating system being developed by Galaxy Productions
• NCR IRX - operating system used by NCR I-9040 series
• OSIRIS - Written in Ada for the BiiN series of fault tolerant high-performance multi-processor computers built on custom microprocessor designs.
• PC-MOS/386 - DOS-like, but multiuser/multitasking
• SINTRAN III - an operating system used with Norsk Data computers.
• THEOS, THEOS Software Corporation
• TinyOS
• TRS-DOS A floppy-disk-oriented OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their Z80-based line of personal computers.
• TX/4 and DX/10 - proprietary operating systems for TI 990 minicomputers
• MAI Basic Four - An OS implementing Business Basic from MAI Systems.
• Michigan Terminal System - Developed by a group of American universities for IBM 360 series mainframes

Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant systems

• Aegis (Apollo Computer)
• Amiga Unix (Amiga ports of Unix System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1989, last version was in 1992)
• Clix (Intergraph's System V implementation)
• Cromix (Unix-like OS from Cromemco)
• Coherent (Unix-like OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
• DNIX from DIAB
• Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
• IRIX from SGI
• iMAX developed (in Ada) for the Intel iAPX-432 object-capability based 32-bit microprocessoriAPX-432[1].
• Mac OS X from Apple Computer
• Micronix from Morrow Designs, Inc. for its Z-80 machines.
• NeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT; a Unix-based OS based on the Mach microkernel)
• OS-9 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
  • OS-9/68k (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 680x0 based computers; developed from OS-9)
  • OS-9000 (portable Unix emulating OS from Microware; one implementation was for Intel x86)
• OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)
• OPENSTEP
• QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
• Rhapsody
• RISC/os (a port by MIPS of 4.3BSD to the MIPS RISC architecture)
• RMX
• SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO Group)
• SINIX (a port by SNI of Unix to the MIPS RISC architecture)
• Solaris (Sun's System V-based replacement for SunOS)
• SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)
• System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)
• System V/AT, 386 (The first version of AT&T System V UNIX on the IBM 286 and 386 PCs, ported and sold by Microport)
• Trusted Solaris (Solaris with kernel and other enhancements to support multilevel security)
• UniFlex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
• Unicos (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations)
• MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)
• SkyOS (developed by Robert Szeleney)
• DG/UX (Data General Corp)

UNIVAC (later Unisys)

• EXEC I
• EXEC II
• EXEC 8
• OS-1100
• OS-2200
• ClearPath
• OS/3

Nonproprietary Unix-like

Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant systems

• Unix (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
• Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
• Plan 9 from Bell Labs (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs) - based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical
• Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
• Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9)
• Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)
• Solaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code (code now open source via OpenSolaris project)

Open source Unix-like

• OpenSolaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code
• BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
  • FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
    • DesktopBSD FreeBSD distribution for desktop use
    • PC-BSD FreeBSD distribution for desktop use
    • DragonFly BSD forked from FreeBSD
  • NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
  • OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
• GNU Linux
• OpenDarwin
• GNU Hurd
• SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University

Nonproprietary non-Unix-like

Research non-Unix-like

• Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
• Coyotos Capability based Operating System, successor to EROS, aims at becoming the first formally verified OS.
• House Haskell User's Operating System And Environment -a research OS written in Haskell and C. http://www.cse.ogi.edu/~hallgren/House/
• ILIOS Research OS designed for routing purposes. Look at http://www.rink.nu for the sources.
• L4 Second generation microkernel
• Mach (from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University; see NeXTSTEP)
• MONADS capability-based OS designed to support the MONADS hardware projects [2].
• Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/
• Singularity - An research operating system written mostly in managed code (C#) by microsoft. [3]
• Speedos building on the ideas from MONADS [4]
• Spring operating system (research OS from Sun Microsystems)
• StarOS and Medusa object-based operating system to support distributed software for CM*
• V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980s Capability-Based Computer Systems

Open source non-Unix-like

• ReactOS (A free software Windows NT compatible OS - still in early development stages.)
• FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
• FreeVMS (an open source VMS variant)
• Haiku (an open source BeOS reimplementation - still under development)

Disk Operating System

• RDOS (Data General Corp)
• QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS). This should not be confused with the Sinclair QDOS operating system of the same name for the Sinclair QL computer.
  • MS-DOS (Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
  • PC-DOS (IBM's DOS variant)
  • PTS-DOS (DOS variant by russian company Phystechsoft)
• DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ...] DOS variant)
  • Concurrent DOS (Digital Research's first Multiuser variant of DOS)
  • Multiuser DOS (Digital Research's (later CCI's. Real's/...] Multiuser variant of DOS)
• FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
• ProDOS Operating system for the Apple II series of computers

Network operating systems

• Novell Open Enterprise Server (Open Source networking OS by Novell. Can either incorporate SUSE Linux or Novell Netware as it's kernel).
• NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
• Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs) - based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical
• Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
• Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9)
• Cambridge Ring O/S
• CSIRONET (CSIRO)
• CTOS (Convergent Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)
• NOS, developed by CDC for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers.
• Brocade Fabric OS

Generic/commodity, non-Unix, and other

• BLIS/COBOL
• Bluebottle also known as AOS (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
• BS1000 by Siemens AG
• BS2000 by Siemens AG, now BS2000/OSD from Fujitsu-Siemens Computers (formerly Siemens Nixdorf Informationsysteme)
• BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
• Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
  • CP/M-80 (CP/M for Intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research)
  • CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
  • CP/M-68k (CP/M for Motorola 68000 from Digital Research)
  • CP/M-8000 (CP/M for Zilog Z8000 from Digital Research)
  • MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)
  • MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)
• DESQview (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
  • DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
• FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
• GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)
• GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
• JavaOS
• Jnode JNode.org's OS written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath
• JX Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen.[5]
• KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)
• MERLIN [6] for the Corvus Concept [7]
• MorphOS (by Genesi)
• MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV), now MSP/EX for 31-bit mode
• nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad de Chile
• NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
• Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
• OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
• OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
• Pick (often licensed and renamed)
• PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
• SEAL System is a free 32-bit GUI for DOS.
• Sinclair QDOS (multitasking for the Sinclair QL computer)
• SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
• SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
• SymbOS (GUI based multitasking operating system for Z80 computers [8])
• TripOS, 1978
• UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
• UMIX, made for the ICFP Programming Contest 2006.
• VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
• VOS by Stratus Technologies with strong influence from Multics
• VOS by Hitachi for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's MVS
• VM2000 by Siemens AG
• VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
• VPS/VM (IBM based, main operating system at Boston University for over 10 years.)
• aceos under GPL *

Operating systems for БК Soviet personal computer

• ANDOS
• MK-DOS
• CSI-DOS
• NORD
• ОС БК-11 (a version of RT-11)
• AO-DOS
• FA-DOS
• BASIS
• DOSB10
• PascalDOS
• MicroDOS
• DX-DOS
• HC-DOS
• RT-11 (ROM embedded)
• NORTON-БК
• РАМОН
• KMON
• Turbo-DOS

Hobby OS

• Agnix
• AMOS
• AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
• AtheOS became Syllable
• BlueIllusion OS
• BOS - 100% assembler OS
• Brainix
• CalotaOS (Calota Software Labs Operating System)
• Clicker
• Desert Spring-Time - An Ocaml based operating system
• Dex4u - a pure 32-bit pmode OS written in 100% assembler
• EROS
• Glider - Homepage
• Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
• HelenOS
• IsaacOS
• LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system inspired by the operating system shown in Serial Experiments Lain)
• LSE/OS
• MenuetOS is an extremely compact OS written entirely in FASM assembly language
• MMURTL (written by Richard Burgess; presented in MMURTL V1.0 (2000) ISBN 1-58853-000-0)
• NewOS
• Panalix
• RetrOS is a compact native Forth-based environment. The site also features an MS-DOS port of RetroForth.
• Sanos (Minimalistic x86 OS kernel)
• SOFregit (Operating System for educational purposes)
• Syllable (a modern, independently originated OS; see AtheOS)
• Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
• Trion Operating System
• V2_OS
• Visopsys

Embedded

• A/ROSE
• Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
• ROM-DOS
• Embedded Linux
• Rockbox (Free Software operating system for music player devices)
• Minix version 3
• Windows Embedded

Personal digital assistants (PDAs)

• Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
• Palm OS from Palm Inc; now spun off as PalmSource
• EPOC originally from Psion (UK), now from Symbian, preferred name now is Symbian OS
• Windows CE, from Microsoft
  • Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
  • Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
• Linux on Sharp Zaurus and Ipaq
• DOS on Poqet PC
• Newton OS on Apple Newton Messagepad

Smartphones

• Windows CE
  • Windows Mobile
• Embedded Linux, MontaVista Linux in Motorola's A760, E680
• Mobilinux by Montavista.
• Symbian OS

Router

• Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
• Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating System) by Cisco Systems
• IOS-XR by Cisco Systems
• CatOS by Cisco Systems
• PIX OS by Cisco Systems
• JUNOS by Juniper Networks
• ROX by Ruggedcom
• LinkBuilder by 3Com

Microcontroller, Real-time operating system

• ChorusOS
• Contiki written in C programming language
• eCos
• embOS (Segger)
• FreeRTOS [9]
• Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
• INTEGRITY [10]
• LUnix written in 6502
• LynxOS
• MontaVista Linux (see also Embedded Linux)
• Nucleus
• On Time [11]
• OS-9 by Microware
• Operating System Embedded usually known as OSE
• OSEK
• Phoenix-RTOS
• QNX
• Rtems [12]
• RTKE by Philips
• RTLinux
• RTAI [13]
• Salvo [14]
• ThreadX
• TRON (also ITRON, BTRON, CTRON, MTRON, etc.)
• µCLinux
• VRTX
• VxWorks by Wind River Systems
• XMK (eXtreme Minimal Kernel)
• Xenomai [15]

Interpreted

• Par-OS
• J98
• GWOS
• Swodniw

Fictional operating systems

Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.

• Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon
• ALTIMIT OS - From .hack
• Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor
• Wheatonix - April fool's joke
• Digitronix - From The Hacker Files
• Luna/X - Google's 2004 April Fool's joke [16]
• Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
• LCARS- From television's Star Trek
• NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.
• Yellow Hat GNU/Linux: A distribution produced by the Gelugpa branch of Tibetan Buddhism intended to allow the user to advance in programming skill and advance towards enlightenment.
• Jesux - A Linux distro supposedly for Christian hackers - was a hoax.
• lesbian GNU/Linux
• HeliacOS - Parody on SkyOS
• Winux: 2004 - A merger of Windows and Linux. A joke from the comic Sluggy Freelance.
• O-Yes - A very old Indian joke. About some OS which is "54% quicker than Windows 95 or OS/2". Very definitely a hoax.
• BarbieOS - A hoax Mattel Linux distribution.

See also Hollywood operating system

LEGO Mindstorms

• BrickOS operating system
• leJOS operating system

See also

• Category:Operating systems
• Category:Real-time operating systems
• Category:Embedded operating systems
• Category:Unix
• Category:Free software

External links

• A catalog of operating systems
• Official OSDev Project list (130+ OS projects)
• OS History - Historic timeline of non-Unix operating systems
• Bitsavers, an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s