Twelve-Factor App methodology
Twelve-factor app is a methodology for building software as a service applications. These best practices are designed to enable applications to be built with portability and resilience when deployed to the web.[1]
History
The methodology was drafted by developers at Heroku and was first presented by Adam Wiggins circa 2011.[1]
The Twelve Factors
| # | Factor | Description |
|---|---|---|
| I | Codebase | Their should by exactly one codebase for a deployed service with the codebase being used for many deployments |
| II | Dependencies | All dependencies should be declared, with no implicit reliance on system tools or libraries. |
| III | Config | Configuration that varies between deployments should be stored in the environment |
| IV | Backing services | All backing services are treated as attached resources and attached and detached by the execution environment |
| V | Build, release, run | The delivery pipeline should strictly consist of build, release, run |
| VI | Processes | Applications should be deployed as one or more stateless processes with persisted data data stored on a backing service. |
| VII | Port binding | Self contained services should make themselves available to other services by specified ports. |
| VIII | Concurrency | Concurrency is advocated by scaling individual processes. |
| IX | Disposability | Fast startup and shutdown are advocated for a more robust and resilient system. |
| X | Dev/Prod parity | All environments should be as similar as possible. |
| XI | Logs | Applications should produce logs as event streams and leave the execution environment to aggregate. |
| XII | Admin Processes | Any needed admin tasks should be kept in source control and packaged with the application |
References
- ^ a b c Hofmann,, Michael; Schnabel, Erin; Stanley, Katherine (13 March 2017). Microservices Best Practices for Java. IBM Redbooks. p. 2—3. ISBN 9780738442273.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Wiggins, Adam. "The Twelve-Factor App". Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.