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Teaching methods of foreign language

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Language acquisition

Language acquisition has two types: first language acquisition, which occurs when a child learns native language, and second language acquisition, which is concerned with the acquisition of foreign language.

Teaching methods

  1. The Grammar Translation Method
  2. The Direct Method
  3. The Audio-Lingual Method
  4. The Silent Way
  5. Suggestopedia
  6. Community Language Learning
  7. Total Physical Response


The Grammar Translation Method

Also called 'classical method', this method aims to teach students foreign language by reading literature and learning grammar. In this method a) literary language is mostly used in comparison to the colloquial one, and reading and writing are primary skills; b) the interaction occurs between teacher and students, and the main role belongs to the teacher; c) the native language is mostly used in classroom, and if students have a problem with the meaning of words, translation should be performed; d) the written tests are organized to evaluate the students; e) if students make errors, teacher must supply them with the correct answers.

The Direct Method

When the first teaching model lost its value to teach foreign language, the direct method began to play main role in teaching. The aim of this method is teaching communication – students, who should think in the target language, must speak in target language as soon as possible. In the interaction, based on teacher-student and student-teacher, the teacher and students are like partners in teaching process, and lessons should contain some conversation activities; all four skills (reading, writing, speaking and listening) are here emphasized.

The Audio-Lingual Method

This method was developed in USA during the Second World War, when there was huge demand of people who were able to speak in foreign language for military purposes.

This is an intensive method which enables the students to learn language and use it communicatively. Teacher's role here is like an orchestra leader, that is, they must direct and control the students' language behaviour, and provide the students with a good model of imitation; target language is used in classroom; using dialogues remains the best way to learn new vocabulary and structures, which are learnt through imitation and repetition.

The Silent Way

In Silent Way teaching should be subordinated to learning. The aim of this method is to enable the students to express themselves in target language. In order to achieve that aim, the students shoul be independent from teacher – they must develop their own inner criteria for correctness.

As its name makes clear, the teacher remains silent in this method – the native language is only used for giving instructions about the pronuncuation or other parts of language, and the culture is accepted as an inseparable part of a language. Teacher assesses all the students according to their daily activities, not through formal tests. The errors should be seen as natural, and teacher uses students' errors as a basis for deciding where further work is necessary.

Suggestopedia

This method was developed in order to help students eliminate feelings that they cannot be successful, and to help them to overcome the obstacles of learning. The goal of this method is to develop the process by which students learn to use a foreign language for everyday communication.

The teachers has the authority in classroom, and native language may be used to make meaning clear; pronunciation is developed through reading out loudly, and students' evaluations are based on normal in-class performance.

Community Language Learning

In this method counsellor or teacher, who must be skillful in the field of teaching language, must help students make themselves comfortable while learning foreign language.

The aim of teachers is to convince their students that they are able to learn language communicatively. The syllabus is created by the students in this teaching method.

Total Physical Response

The goal of this method is to make the students enjoy their experience in learning to communicate in a foreign language. The method firstly is introduced in native language and after the introduction process native language should't be used in classroom. Pronunciation is developed through listening.

See also

References

  • Applied Linguistics.
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