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Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph

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GHRS being removed during Servicing Mission 2.

The Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS or HRS) was a spectrograph installed on the Hubble Space Telescope during its original construnction, and it was launched into space as part of that space telscope aboard the Space Shuttle on April 24, 1990.[1] The instrument is named after 20th century rocket pioneer Robert H. Goddard.[2]

One of the results was the discovery of tenuous atmosphere for Jupiter's moon Europa in 1995.[3] The gas was determined to be mostly of molecular oxygen (O2).[3][4] The surface pressure of Europa's atmosphere is 0.1 μPa, or 10−12 times that of the Earth.[5]

GHRS was removed during February 1997 during STS-82, and its position in HST was used by new instrument.[6] That mission was also called SM-2 for Servicing Mission 2 (for the Hubble Space Telescope).[6] During SM2 (STS-82), two new instruments were installed, the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) and the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph.[7] [8] The Faint Object Spectrograph was the other original instrument that was replaced during that mission.[9]

GHRS facts

A technical description of the construction and operation of the GHRS can be found in NASA technical report CP-2244.[10]

References

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ "About the Telescope". Live from the Hubble Space Telescope. Passport to Knowledge. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  3. ^ a b Hall, D. T.; Strobel, D. F.; Feldman, P. D.; McGrath, M. A.; Weaver, H. A. (1995). "Detection of an oxygen atmosphere on Jupiter's moon Europa". Nature. 373 (6516): 677–681. Bibcode:1995Natur.373..677H. doi:10.1038/373677a0. PMID 7854447.
  4. ^ Savage, Donald; Jones, Tammy; Villard, Ray (23 February 1995). "Hubble Finds Oxygen Atmosphere on Europa". Project Galileo. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
  5. ^ McGrath (2009). "Atmosphere of Europa". In Pappalardo, Robert T.; McKinnon, William B.; Khurana, Krishan K. (eds.). Europa. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-2844-6.
  6. ^ a b "STS-125: Eight hour EVA-4 works STIS repair – Atlantis' TPS overview | NASASpaceFlight.com". www.nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
  7. ^ SM3A
  8. ^ "Hubble instruments". sci.esa.int. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
  9. ^ "Hubble instruments". sci.esa.int. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
  10. ^ The Space Telescope Observatory (Technical report). NASA. 1982. CP-2244., page 76. A 40 MB PDF file.
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