Manual Ability Classification System
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The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) is a medical classification system which is used to describe how children aged from 4 to 18 years old with cerebral palsy typically use their hands in activities of daily living, with a focus on the use of both hands together. Like the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), there are five levels - level I being the least impaired, only finding difficulty in tasks needing speed and accuracy, and level V being the most impaired, not being able to handle objects and having severely limited abilities for even simple actions.
Development
The widespread adoption of the GMFCS inspired the development of the MACS.[1]
Use
The MACS is used worldwide except for Africa, mostly as a way of describing a sample population and as an independent variable. Occasionally it is used as a dependent variable. MACS levels are stable over time and so they can be used as part of a prognosis for individuals. Although MACS was not designed for adults, it has been used with a good measure of reliability in young adult populations ranging in ages from 18-24. Although it has a good level of reliability when used for children between 2 and 5 years of age, there is less evidence for using it with children younger than 2.[2] Assessment is typically done by asking questions of the parent or therapist of the child to see where the child fits.[3]
Alternatives
Alternative classification systems used for children with CP include: ABILHAND, AHA, CHEQ, CPQOL, House, MUUL, PedsQLCP, and SHUEE.[4]
See also
- Communication Function Classification System - a similar system describing communication.
- International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
References
- ^ Eliasson, Ann-Christin; Krumlinde-Sundholm, Lena; Rösblad, Birgit; Beckung, Eva; Arner, Marianne; Öhrvall, Ann-Marie; Rosenbaum, Peter (19 June 2006). "The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability". Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 48 (07): 549. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2006.tb01313.x. PMID 16780622.
- ^ Jeevanantham, Deepa; Dyszuk, Emily; Bartlett, Doreen (2015). "The Manual Ability Classification System". Pediatric Physical Therapy. 27 (3): 236–241. doi:10.1097/PEP.0000000000000151. PMID 26020598.
- ^ Öhrvall, Ann-Marie; Eliasson, Ann-Christin (27 February 2010). "Parents' and therapists' perceptions of the content of the Manual Ability Classification System, MACS". Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 17 (3): 209–216. doi:10.3109/11038120903125101.
- ^ Wagner, Lisa V.; Davids, Jon R. (20 September 2011). "Assessment Tools and Classification Systems Used For the Upper Extremity in Children With Cerebral Palsy". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 470 (5): 1257–1271. doi:10.1007/s11999-011-2065-x.
External links
Category:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes Category:Medical scoring system