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State Implementation Plan

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A State Implementation Plan (SIP) is a United States state plan for complying with the federal Clean Air Act, administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The SIP consists of narrative, and agreements that an individual state will use to clean up polluted areas., rules, technical documentation

Lowest achievable emissions rate

Lowest achievable emissions rate is used by the EPA to determine if emissions from a new or modified major stationary source are acceptable under SIP guidelines.

"LAER" standards are required when a new, stationary source is located in a non-attainment air-quality region. It is the most stringent air pollution standard above the best available control technology (BACT) and reasonably available control technology (RACT) standards.

Best available control technology

Best available control technology (BACT) is a pollution control standard mandated by the Clean Air Act.[1]

The EPA determines what air pollution control technology will be used to control a specific pollutant to a specified limit. When a BACT is determined, factors such as energy consumption, total source emission, regional environmental impact, and economic costs are taken into account. It is the current EPA standard for all polluting sources that fall under the New Source Review guidelines and is determined on a case-by-case basis.

The BACT standard is significantly more stringent than the reasonably available control technology standard but much less stringent than the lowest achievable control technology standard.

Reasonably available control technology

Reasonably available control technology (RACT) is a pollution control standard created by the EPA and is used to determine what air pollution control technology will be used to control a specific pollutant to a specified limit. RACT applies to existing sources in areas that are not meeting national ambient air quality standards on controlled air pollutants and is required on all sources that meet these criteria.

The RACT standard is less stringent than either the best available control technology or the lowest achievable control technology standard set forth by the EPA.

Example State Implementation Plan

In Ohio between the dates of 1970 and 1977 a rule in the Clean Air Act required a reduction in the measured SO2 emitted by coal-fired power plants into the air. The State Implementation Plan to decrease the SO2 emitted by such plants was to increase the height of the smokestacks on the plants. The result was that the SO2 was carried in the wind out of the state and there was a reduction in the measured SO2. These kinds of exploits in the Clean Air Act were solved in the 1977 revision of the Clean Air Act when the NSPS were introduced. NSPS measures the concentration and amount of pollution put into the air, thus making a taller smoke stack useless under the new standard.

See also

References

  1. ^ Clean Air Act, section 169(3), 42 U.S.C. § 7479(3).
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