Global Navigation Grid Code

The Global Navigation Grid Code (GNGC) is a point reference system of grid references commonly designed for the global navigation. It provides a globally consistent language of location in a user friendly format. It is similar in design to the national grid reference systems used throughout other nations. The GNGC was developed based on the work of GeoSOT team in Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University. And GNGC as a concept was first proposed in 2015 in Bin Li(李滨)'s dissertation for doctor degree Navigation Computing Model of Global Navigation Grid Code.

1.Conception

English: Global Navigation Grid Code(GNGC)

Chinese: 全球导航网格码

Definition: The code based on global grid for navigation is called Global Navigation Grid Code(GNGC）。 In the research of global spatial information sub-division, global navigation grid code is a geographic grid coding model with characters of multi-scale, discrete and suitable for navigation service. The grid coding model can not only solve the problem of navigation and positioning related, but also solve the problem in organization, integration, sharing and efficient service of spatial information.

2.Origin of the Concept

From 2009-2013, research team in Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS at School of Earch and Space Science in Peking University, together with Wuhan University, Information Engineering Unviersity, Chinese University of Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology and etc., finished the National 973 Project "Global Spatial Information Subdivision Theory and Application Method"。In this research,the team proposed a global subdivision grid fram: Geographic coordinate Subdivision grid with One dimension integer coding on 2ⁿ Tree (GeoSOT). This work primarily solved the three big scientific problems in the spatial data organization : basic fram, location code and presentation model. GeoSOT is a grid system from center point of earth to 50000km faraway outer space. And this grid system subdivided the earth space by 32 levels to millions of small grids of centimeter size. Till now, total 28 patents applied and published a work Introduction to Spatial Information Subdivision.

In the project, the research team proposed a complete area location coding system called "1+4 basic code, N serial extended codes"。 Above these codes, the global subdivision grid code is a basic job and completed already. Current research is grid codes on remote sensing, GIS, navigation and internet, and make proposals and methods to industry and departments. Global navigation grid code is one of the topics in the research frame for navigation application. Global navigation grid code was first proposed into public in Bin Li's dissertation for doctor degree Navigation Computing Model of Global Navigation Grid Code. IT is a primary research and exploration for the application of GNGC for navigation.

3.Research background

Global Navigation Grid Code is part of research on Global Sub-division Grid(GSG). GSG is also called global descrete grid, a reference grid system by subdividing the earth surface into samll pieces of grid cells by certain rules(also called geographic grid or spatial information grid). The research of GSG contains the methods of how to subdivide the earth(or earth surface) to the grid cells with same area and same shape of different levels. Through further research on mathematic modeling and algorithm, GSG improves the proficiency on the spatial informaiton presentation and data organization. Today, with the progress in mathematic tool and computer sicence and technology, global sub-division grid is one of the key method in the research of Geo-information Science.。 Global Subdivision grid has a lot of potential applications and has been applied in some fields. For example, the expression of complex geographical phenomena can be studied in complex geological problems. For the expression of natural and human data, the problem of human society can be studied. For the expression of the function and behavior of the geographical system, the relationship between human and land can be studied. With the development of modern technology, the method of earth observing has been developed by leaps and bounds, thus promoting the application of GSG. The role of GSG has evolved from the traditional map location framework and the expression of geographical phenomena to a new level. Main applications include the new application of geographic spatial data fusion, multi-source data fusion, geo-science comprehensive analysis and so on.

In China on the basis of the actual situation of their own, Chinese research team in Peking University designed GNGC that conforms to the habit of Chinese country industry application, easy to calculation of space and spatial index, and can be further extended to the global use of navigation mesh coding. It is necessary and this demand is to replace foreign trellis coded. With the establishment and improvement of the Beidou navigation system, to develop a new navigation grid code with independent intellectual property rights, globally applicable standards and global navigation trellis coded has important strategic significance. It can rise to the height of the China will. Due to the natural advantage of the global partition model in spatial location, it is feasible to build the global grid and design the grid and its coding for navigation applications based on the earth subdivision model.

4.GNGC Functions

全球导航网格码（Global Navigation Grid Code，GNGC）不仅仅可应用于导航，还可应用于相关的很多部门和领域，具有很强的应用潜力和推广价值。从现实情况看，人类活动对空间信息的需求和依赖程度越来越高，各种新的信息应用模式不断涌现，已经呈现出“大数据”、“信息爆炸”特征。特别是位置服务数据，由于其本身使用的广泛性，导致其数据量极其巨大且更新速度极快。据统计，单独的一个地级城市，移动位置服务数据每天新增并需要处理的数据量就达到10亿条以上。与此同时，这些快速增长的大数据却没带来相应的有价值的讯息的同步增加。恰恰相反，世界对于这些数据利用收益却非常的低。由于技术和一些主观因素，大量空间信息被分割、搁置和浪费，而对人类活动有用的信息往往难以全面、及时、准确的得到。尤其是人类在由互联网时代进入移动互联时代之后，借助于各种可穿戴设备和移动终端，大量的社会感知数据得以涌现，这些人类社会感知的大数据的分析处理也已经成为一个重要的研究热点。因此，如何更有效地对全球、海量、高动态空间信息进行获取、存储、计算、处理和调用（即高效组织），使用户能够真正实现“按需”得到全面、及时、准确、有用的空间信息，已成为当今信息技术发展的一个关键性课题。

全球导航网格码不仅可标识位置，同时还可以标识区域，能够满足海量空间信息在位置要素表达上的唯一性、多尺度、层次关联、以及无缝无叠的要求。而其整形数的编码设计，则能够大大简化对区域位置的标识、表达和计算，同时还与传统的经纬度标识不相矛盾，是对现有基于经纬度和矢量路网的导航系统的很好完善和补充。

With the development and application of satellite navigation and positioning technology, digital map, digital street map, wireless communications and other technology, especially the popularization of vehicle navigation and portable navigation terminal, it will be great practical value to design new navigation coding method and related service models to meet the navigation aplication demands according to the characteristics of satellite navigation system.。