Global Navigation Grid Code
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The Global Navigation Grid Code (GNGC) is a point reference system of grid references commonly designed for the global navigation. It provides a globally consistent language of location in a user friendly format. It is similar in design to the national grid reference systems used throughout other nations. The GNGC was developed based on the work of GeoSOT team in Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University. And GNGC as a concept was first proposed in 2015 in Bin Li(李滨)'s dissertation for doctor degree Navigation Computing Model of Global Navigation Grid Code[1].
1.Conception
English: Global Navigation Grid Code(GNGC)
Chinese: 全球导航网格码
Definition: The code based on global grid for navigation is called Global Navigation Grid Code(GNGC)。 In the research of global spatial information sub-division, global navigation grid code is a geographic grid coding model with characters of multi-scale, discrete and suitable for navigation service. The grid coding model can not only solve the problem of navigation and positioning related, but also solve the problem in organization, integration, sharing and efficient service of spatial information.
2.Origin of the Concept
From 2009-2013, research team in Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS at School of Earch and Space Science in Peking University, together with Wuhan University, Information Engineering Unviersity, Chinese University of Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology and etc., finished the National 973 Project "Global Spatial Information Subdivision Theory and Application Method"。In this research,the team proposed a global subdivision grid fram: Geographic coordinate Subdivision grid with One dimension integer coding on 2n Tree (GeoSOT). This work primarily solved the three big scientific problems in the spatial data organization : basic fram, location code and presentation model. GeoSOT is a grid system from center point of earth to 50000km faraway outer space. And this grid system subdivided the earth space by 32 levels to millions of small grids of centimeter size. Till now, total 28 patents applied and published a work Introduction to Spatial Information Subdivision.
In the project, the research team proposed a complete area location coding system called "1+4 basic code, N serial extended codes"[2]。 Above these codes, the global subdivision grid code is a basic job and completed already. Current research is grid codes on remote sensing, GIS, navigation and internet, and make proposals and methods to industry and departments. Global navigation grid code is one of the topics in the research frame for navigation application. Global navigation grid code was first proposed into public in Bin Li's dissertation for doctor degree Navigation Computing Model of Global Navigation Grid Code. IT is a primary research and exploration for the application of GNGC for navigation.
3.Research background
全球剖分格网(Global Sub-division Grid,GSG),也称作全球离散格网,是一种对地球表面空间按照一定规则实施划分而得到的格网体系(有时候也被称之为地理格网和空间信息格网)。GSG的研究内容是将地球(或球面)切分为面积相等和形状一致的有层级的面片的方法。再进一步通过相关的数学建模和算法研究,以进行空间信息的表达和数据的组织管理,并具有高效性。如今,随着数学工具的发展和计算机科学技术的进步,全球剖分格网已经成为地理信息科学研究领域的一个重要的基本方法[3]。 全球剖分格网的作用很多,在一些领域里有了应用。例如,对复杂地理现象的表达可研究复杂的地学问题。对于自然与人文数据的表达,可研究人类社会问题。对于地理系统功能与行为的表达,可以研究人地关系等。现代技术的发展,使得地球测量技术突飞猛进,由此推动了GSG的应用。GSG的作用已经由传统的地图位置框架和地理现象的表达,进化到了新的层面。主要包括地理空间数据融合、多源数据融合、地学综合分析等新应用。
我国依据自己的实际情况设计出符合我国行业应用习惯的、便于进行空间计算与空间索引,并能进一步推广到全球使用的导航网格编码是必要的,这样的需求是难以被国外网格编码替代的。随着北斗导航系统的建立和不断完善,发展一套拥有自主知识产权、全球适用的全球网格标准和全球导航网格编码具有重要的战略意义,可以上升到国家意志的高度。由于全球剖分模型在空间区位表达方面的天然优势,基于地球剖分模型建立全球网格并设计面向导航应用的网格及其编码就具有很高的可行性[4]。
4.GNGC Functions
全球导航网格码(Global Navigation Grid Code,GNGC)不仅仅可应用于导航,还可应用于相关的很多部门和领域,具有很强的应用潜力和推广价值。从现实情况看,人类活动对空间信息的需求和依赖程度越来越高,各种新的信息应用模式不断涌现,已经呈现出“大数据”、“信息爆炸”特征。特别是位置服务数据,由于其本身使用的广泛性,导致其数据量极其巨大且更新速度极快。据统计,单独的一个地级城市,移动位置服务数据每天新增并需要处理的数据量就达到10亿条以上。与此同时,这些快速增长的大数据却没带来相应的有价值的讯息的同步增加。恰恰相反,世界对于这些数据利用收益却非常的低。由于技术和一些主观因素,大量空间信息被分割、搁置和浪费,而对人类活动有用的信息往往难以全面、及时、准确的得到。尤其是人类在由互联网时代进入移动互联时代之后,借助于各种可穿戴设备和移动终端,大量的社会感知数据得以涌现,这些人类社会感知的大数据的分析处理也已经成为一个重要的研究热点[5]。因此,如何更有效地对全球、海量、高动态空间信息进行获取、存储、计算、处理和调用(即高效组织),使用户能够真正实现“按需”得到全面、及时、准确、有用的空间信息,已成为当今信息技术发展的一个关键性课题。
全球导航网格码不仅可标识位置,同时还可以标识区域,能够满足海量空间信息在位置要素表达上的唯一性、多尺度、层次关联、以及无缝无叠的要求。而其整形数的编码设计,则能够大大简化对区域位置的标识、表达和计算,同时还与传统的经纬度标识不相矛盾,是对现有基于经纬度和矢量路网的导航系统的很好完善和补充。
随着卫星导航定位技术、数字地图、数字街道地图、无线通信等技术的发展和应用,尤其是车载导航和手持式导航终端的广泛普及,针对卫星导航系统的特点,设计满足其需要的导航网格编码方法及相应的服务模型具有较高的实用价值[6]。
- ^ [1]Bin Li.Navigation Computing Model of Global Navigation Grid Code[D].Peking University,2015.
- ^ [3]http://www.coe.pku.edu.cn/research-news/3636
- ^ [4]http://mt.sohu.com/20160420/n445218069.shtml
- ^ [5]http://www.xyz3d.net/col.jsp?id=108
- ^ [6]http://news.3snews.net/2015/0113/37676.html
- ^ [7]http://www.point3d.net/nd.jsp?id=65&_np=4_11