Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression
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Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression
Watson and Clark (1991) proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders. [1] This model divides the symptoms of anxiety and depression into three groups: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal. [2][3][1]These three sets of symptoms help explain common and distinct aspects of depression and anxiety. [2]
Factors
Negative Affect
Main Article: Negative Affectivity
Negative affect can be defined as, “the extent to which an individual feels upset or unpleasantly engaged, rather than peaceful”. [1] Negative affect is common in individuals with both anxiety and depression and can be described by negative mood states such as subjective distress, fear, disgust, scorn, and hostility. [4] Mood states that are specific to depression include sadness and loneliness that have large factor loadings on Negative Affect. [4] Some common symptoms of negative affect include: insomnia, restlessness, irritability, and poor concentration. [5]
References
- ^ a b c Anderson, E., & HOPE, D. (2008). A review of the tripartite model for understanding the link between anxiety and depression in youth. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(2), 275-287. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.05.004
- ^ a b Clark, L., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3), 316-336. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.316
- ^ Brown, T., Chorpita, B., & Barlow, D. (1998). Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(2), 179-192. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.107.2.179
- ^ a b Watson, D., Clark, L., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97(3), 346-353. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.97.3.346
- ^ Watson, D., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J., & Clark, L. (1995). Testing a tripartite model: I. evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(1), 3-14. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.104.1.3(Watson et al., 1995)