Category:Volcanoes of Java

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Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin, and contains approx numerous volcanoes, 20 of which have been active in historical times. Although earthquakes and catastrophic eruptions are a constant risk, the impact of Java's volcanoes is overwhelmingly positive both geologically and to human history. With over 100m residents, Java is one of the most densely populated islands in the world, which has been possible due to it being agriculturally highly productive. Volcanos are a major contributor to this fertility of land and high percipitation rate on the island. Climbing volcanoes (and other mountains) is increasingly popular.

This list is of volcanoes from the west of Java to the east. Local terminology and usage has the word Gunung (mount or mountain) precede the names

• PULOSARI Stratovolcano
• KARANG Stratovolcano
• KIARABERES-GAGAK Stratovolcano
• PERBAKTI Stratovolcano
• SALAK Stratovolcano
• GEDE Stratovolcano
• PATUHA Stratovolcano
• WAYANG-WINDU Lava dome
• MALABAR Stratovolcano
• TANGKUBAN PARAHU Stratovolcano
• PAPANDAYAN Stratovolcanoes
• KENDANG Stratovolcano
• KAWAH KAMOJANG Stratovolcanoes
• GUNTUR Complex volcano
• TAMPOMAS Stratovolcano
• GALUNGGUNG Stratovolcano
• TALAGABODAS Stratovolcano
• KAWAH KARAHA Fumarole field
• CEREME Stratovolcano

• SLAMET Stratovolcano
• DIENG VOLCANIC COMPLEX Complex volcano
• SUNDORO Stratovolcano
• SUMBING Stratovolcano
• UNGARAN Stratovolcano
• TELOMOYO Stratovolcano
• MERBABU Stratovolcano
• MERAPI Stratovolcano
• MURIA Stratovolcano
• LAWU Stratovolcano
• WILIS Stratovolcano

• KELUT Stratovolcano
  
• KAWI-BUTAK Stratovolcanoes
  
• ARJUNO-WELIRANG Stratovolcano
  
• PENANGGUNGAN Stratovolcano
  
• MALANG PLAIN Maars
  
• SEMERU Stratovolcano
  
• TENGGER CALDERA Stratovolcanoes
  
• BROMO
  
• LAMONGAN Stratovolcano
  
• LURUS Complex volcano
  
• IYANG-ARGAPURA Complex volcano
  
• RAUNG Stratovolcano
  
• IJEN Stratovolcanoes
  
• BALURAN Stratovolcano
  

Another of the volcanoes of Java, called Galunggung, burst into eruption in 1822, commencing with a terrible explosion of stones and ashes, followed by a stream of hot mud, which overspread a large tract of ground. This eruption proved still more fatal to human life, about four thousand persons having been destroyed.

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The crater of Tangkuban-Prahu, another of the volcanoes of Java, presents a remarkable appearance. On approaching its edge, nothing is seen but an abyss, from which dense clouds of vapour continually arise, with hideous sounds, like the steam rushing from the open valves of hundreds of steam-engines. This great abyss consists really of two craters, separated the one from the other by a narrow ridge of rock, to which it is possible to descend and view them both. Each of them is elliptical in form, and surrounded by a crater-wall. That of the western, which the natives call the poison-crater, is a rapid slope nearly a thousand feet in depth, and is densely covered with brushwood almost to the bottom. The flat floor of this deep basin is continually sending out vapours, and in its centre is a pool of boiling water of a sulphur yellow colour. The floor itself is nothing but a crust of sulphur full of rents and holes, whence vapours constantly arise. This crust covers a surface of boiling hot bitter water, and by breaking it beautiful crystals of sulphur may be obtained.

The eastern is called by the natives the king's-crater; its walls are only between five and six hundred feet in depth, and are perfectly bare from top to bottom. The surfaces of the rocks composing them are grayish white, an effect produced upon them by the action of the vapours, to which they are continually exposed. The bottom of this crater consists of mud mixed with sulphur; but round the edges are some stones and hard masses. These are the remnants of an eruption which took place from this crater in 1846, when there was thrown up a great mass of sulphurous boiling mud, accompanied by quantities of sand and stones. This mountain, therefore, seems to be also more of the nature of a mud volcano, than of one which throws out burning lava.