Category:Volcanoes of Java

This is temporary heading so i can edit intro without edit conflict (I will remove later)

Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin, and contains approx numerous volcanoes, 20 of which have been active in historical times. Overall, their impact geologically and to human history has been overwhelmingly positive; they are a major contributor to both the fertility of agricultural land and also rainfall in Java. Climbing volcanoes (and other mountains) is increasingly popular.

List of Volcanoes

This list is of volcanoes from the west of Java to the east. Local terminology and usage has the word 'Gunung' ('mount or mountain') precede the names

West Java

PULOSARI Stratovolcano
KARANG Stratovolcano
KIARABERES-GAGAK Stratovolcano
PERBAKTI Stratovolcano
SALAK Stratovolcano
GEDE Stratovolcano
PATUHA Stratovolcano
WAYANG-WINDU Lava dome
MALABAR Stratovolcano
TANGKUBAN PARAHU Stratovolcano
PAPANDAYAN Stratovolcanoes
KENDANG Stratovolcano
KAWAH KAMOJANG Stratovolcanoes
GUNTUR Complex volcano
TAMPOMAS Stratovolcano
GALUNGGUNG Stratovolcano
TALAGABODAS Stratovolcano
KAWAH KARAHA Fumarole field
CEREME Stratovolcano

Central Java

SLAMET Stratovolcano
DIENG VOLCANIC COMPLEX Complex volcano
SUNDORO Stratovolcano
SUMBING Stratovolcano
UNGARAN Stratovolcano
TELOMOYO Stratovolcano
MERBABU Stratovolcano
MERAPI Stratovolcano
MURIA Stratovolcano
LAWU Stratovolcano
WILIS Stratovolcano

East Java

KELUT Stratovolcano
KAWI-BUTAK Stratovolcanoes
ARJUNO-WELIRANG Stratovolcano
PENANGGUNGAN Stratovolcano
MALANG PLAIN Maars
SEMERU Stratovolcano
TENGGER CALDERA Stratovolcanoes
- Mount Bromo
LAMONGAN Stratovolcano
LURUS Complex volcano
IYANG-ARGAPURA Complex volcano
RAUNG Stratovolcano
IJEN Stratovolcanoes
BALURAN Stratovolcano

Papandayan

Papandayan, erupted in 1772.

Galunggung—Destructive eruption

Another of the volcanoes of Java, called Galunggung, burst into eruption in 1822, commencing with a terrible explosion of stones and ashes, followed by a stream of hot mud, which overspread a large tract of ground. This eruption proved still more fatal to human life, about four thousand persons having been destroyed.

Crater of Tangkuban Prahu

The crater of Tangkuban-Prahu, another of the volcanoes of Java, presents a remarkable appearance. On approaching its edge, nothing is seen but an abyss, from which dense clouds of vapour continually arise, with hideous sounds, like the steam rushing from the open valves of hundreds of steam-engines. This great abyss consists really of two craters, separated the one from the other by a narrow ridge of rock, to which it is possible to descend and view them both. Each of them is elliptical in form, and surrounded by a crater-wall. That of the western, which the natives call the poison-crater, is a rapid slope nearly a thousand feet in depth, and is densely covered with brushwood almost to the bottom. The flat floor of this deep basin is continually sending out vapours, and in its centre is a pool of boiling water of a sulphur yellow colour. The floor itself is nothing but a crust of sulphur full of rents and holes, whence vapours constantly arise. This crust covers a surface of boiling hot bitter water, and by breaking it beautiful crystals of sulphur may be obtained.

The eastern is called by the natives the king's-crater; its walls are only between five and six hundred feet in depth, and are perfectly bare from top to bottom. The surfaces of the rocks composing them are grayish white, an effect produced upon them by the action of the vapours, to which they are continually exposed. The bottom of this crater consists of mud mixed with sulphur; but round the edges are some stones and hard masses. These are the remnants of an eruption which took place from this crater in 1846, when there was thrown up a great mass of sulphurous boiling mud, accompanied by quantities of sand and stones. This mountain, therefore, seems to be also more of the nature of a mud volcano, than of one which throws out burning lava.