Category:Volcanoes of Java

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Volcanoes of Java" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin, and contains approx numerous volcanoes. Only a few of them, however, have been active in more recent times.

This list is of volcanoes from the west of Java to the east. Local terminology and usage has the word 'Gunung' ('mount or mountain') precede the names

• PULOSARI Stratovolcano
• KARANG Stratovolcano
• KIARABERES-GAGAK Stratovolcano
• PERBAKTI Stratovolcano
• SALAK Stratovolcano
• GEDE Stratovolcano
• PATUHA Stratovolcano
• WAYANG-WINDU Lava dome
• MALABAR Stratovolcano
• TANGKUBANPARAHU Stratovolcano
• PAPANDAYAN Stratovolcanoes
• KENDANG Stratovolcano
• KAWAH KAMOJANG Stratovolcanoes
• GUNTUR Complex volcano
• TAMPOMAS Stratovolcano
• GALUNGGUNG Stratovolcano
• TALAGABODAS Stratovolcano
• KAWAH KARAHA Fumarole field
• CEREME Stratovolcano

• SLAMET Stratovolcano
• DIENG VOLCANIC COMPLEX Complex volcano
• SUNDORO Stratovolcano
• SUMBING Stratovolcano
• UNGARAN Stratovolcano
• TELOMOYO Stratovolcano
• MERBABU Stratovolcano
• MERAPI Stratovolcano
• MURIA Stratovolcano
• LAWU Stratovolcano
• WILIS Stratovolcano

• KELUT Stratovolcano
  
• KAWI-BUTAK Stratovolcanoes
  
• ARJUNO-WELIRANG Stratovolcano
  
• PENANGGUNGAN Stratovolcano
  
• MALANG PLAIN Maars
  
• SEMERU Stratovolcano
  
• TENGGER CALDERA Stratovolcanoes
  
• LAMONGAN Stratovolcano
  
• LURUS Complex volcano
  
• IYANG-ARGAPURA Complex volcano
  
• RAUNG Stratovolcano
  
• IJEN Stratovolcanoes
  
• BALURAN Stratovolcano
  

Papandayan, erupted in 1772.

Another of the volcanoes of Java, called Galunggung, burst into eruption in 1822, commencing with a terrible explosion of stones and ashes, followed by a stream of hot mud, which overspread a large tract of ground. This eruption proved still more fatal to human life, about four thousand persons having been destroyed.

This article's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (Learn how and when to remove this message)

In September 1849, Mount Merapi, which had been thought extinct, erupted. The eruption, which lasted three days and caused immense property damage, was accompanied by a violent hurricane. One riverbed was filled by matter thrown out of the crater. Fortunately, no one was killed. However, a second eruption in January 1864, killed 350 people.

In May 2006 lava started flowing from this volcano again, prompting an evacuation and fears of an eruption. [1].

Java likewise contains a remarkable mud volcano. When viewed from a distance, there are seen to rise from it large volumes of vapour, like the spray from the billows dashing against a rocky shore, and there is heard a loud noise like distant thunder. On a nearer approach, the source of these phenomena is seen to be a hemispherical mound of black earth mixed with water, about sixteen feet in diameter, and which at intervals of a few seconds is pushed upwards by a force acting from beneath to a height of between twenty and thirty feet. It then suddenly explodes with a loud noise, scattering in every direction a quantity of black mud, which has a strong pungent smell resembling that of coal-tar, and is considerably warmer than the air. With the mud thus thrown out there has been formed around the mound a large perfectly level and nearly circular plain, about half a mile in circumference. The water mixed with the mud is salt, and the salt is separated from it by evaporation for economical purposes. During the rainy season the action of this mud volcano becomes more violent, the explosions are louder, and the mud is thrown to a greater height.

The crater of Tangkuban-Prahu, another of the volcanoes of Java, presents a remarkable appearance. On approaching its edge, nothing is seen but an abyss, from which dense clouds of vapour continually arise, with hideous sounds, like the steam rushing from the open valves of hundreds of steam-engines. This great abyss consists really of two craters, separated the one from the other by a narrow ridge of rock, to which it is possible to descend and view them both. Each of them is elliptical in form, and surrounded by a crater-wall. That of the western, which the natives call the poison-crater, is a rapid slope nearly a thousand feet in depth, and is densely covered with brushwood almost to the bottom. The flat floor of this deep basin is continually sending out vapours, and in its centre is a pool of boiling water of a sulphur yellow colour. The floor itself is nothing but a crust of sulphur full of rents and holes, whence vapours constantly arise. This crust covers a surface of boiling hot bitter water, and by breaking it beautiful crystals of sulphur may be obtained.

The eastern is called by the natives the king's-crater; its walls are only between five and six hundred feet in depth, and are perfectly bare from top to bottom. The surfaces of the rocks composing them are grayish white, an effect produced upon them by the action of the vapours, to which they are continually exposed. The bottom of this crater consists of mud mixed with sulphur; but round the edges are some stones and hard masses. These are the remnants of an eruption which took place from this crater in 1846, when there was thrown up a great mass of sulphurous boiling mud, accompanied by quantities of sand and stones. This mountain, therefore, seems to be also more of the nature of a mud volcano, than of one which throws out burning lava.

Even though it is not a very big volcano, it is a very popular touristic location, especially due to an annual ceremony held at the crater.