Mediated reference theory
A mediated reference theory is any semantic theory that posits that words refer to something in the external world, but insists that there is more to the meaning of a name than simply the object to which it refers. It thus stands opposed to the theory of direct reference. Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell are well-known advocates of mediated reference. The view was widely held in the middle of the twentieth century by such philosophers as Peter Strawson and John Searle.