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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by J. 'mach' wust (talk | contribs) at 14:46, 20 January 2016 (→Find ⟨ɵ⟩: Sources for copying:). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

2015-12-30 list of pages that have speakers=? in the language infobox

No need for any complicated stuff – the category existed all along and nobody told anybody about it:

Edit history of ⟨ɵ⟩

History of how the sign ⟨ɵ⟩ has been defined on Help:IPA for English.

Description Footnote Diff
Link Summary Date Editor
following Pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. [1] 2009-05-20 18:14:46 Kwamikagami
following Pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. [2] 2009-05-20 18:21:33 Kwamikagami
following Pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. [3] 2009-06-28 21:57:06 Kwamikagami
following, omission Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) [4] ref for ɵ 2009-06-28 23:04:51 Kwamikagami
followingkilogram, omission Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [5] mentioning more common transcription for ɵ. (BTW, is there anyone who would end "follow" with a schwa? If not, what's wrong with transcribing "following" as "follow" + /ɨŋ/, in a *phonemic* transcription?) 2009-09-08 01:32:47 A. di M.
kilogram, omission Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [6] rm. kg per Talk[note 1] 2010-03-30 18:18:23 Kwamikagami
omission (either oʊ or ə) Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [7] clarification of variation of red. vowels, per talk[note 2] 2010-08-10 23:31:29 A. di M.
omission (either oʊ or ə) Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əoʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [8] 2013-05-29 14:49:13 Lfdder
omission (either oʊ or ə) Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989)[ref 1] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [9] Converting raw external links to references 2015-03-13 13:38:07 SnorlaxMonster
omission (either oʊ or ə) Pronounced/ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.[ref 1] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [10] fix error; rewrite notes so that all have full sentences; logically necessary statement on /r/ 2015-04-14 08:16:56 Erutuon
omission (either oʊ or ə) /ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.[ref 1][ref 2] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [11] full citation for Bolinger 2015-05-27 19:15:03 Aeusoes1
omission (either /oʊ/ or /ə/) /ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.[ref 2] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [12] added missing slashes or brackets 2015-10-22 10:37:22 J. 'mach' wust
omission (either /oʊ/ or /ə/) /ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.[ref 2][ref 3] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [13] correction to Bolinger reference 2015-12-16 10:51:17 J. 'mach' wust
omission (either /oʊ/ or /ə/) /ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.[ref 3] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [14] stop recommending ⟨ɵ⟩ per Help talk:IPA for English#RfC: Should we continue recommending the sign ⟨ɵ⟩? 2016-01-16 13:35:33 J. 'mach' wust

References

  1. ^ a b c Bolinger 1989
  2. ^ a b c Bolinger, Dwight (1989), Intonation and Its Uses:Melody in Grammar and Discourse, Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-8047-1535-1
  3. ^ a b Bolinger, Dwight (1986), Intonation and Its Parts: Melody in Spoken English, Stanford University Press, pp. 347–360, ISBN 0-8047-1241-7

Notes

  1. ^ Probably referring to Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 1#Kilogram vs. omission.
  2. ^ Probably referring to Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 9#ʉ.

On talk

Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 6#Questions:

Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 7#BATH vowel:

Discussions of superscript r on Help talk:IPA for English

Template:IPAc-en/sandbox

Replace /ɨ, ʉ/ by /ᵻ, ᵿ/; discontinue /aː, ɒː/

Consensus about these changes was reached in a lengthy discussion in Help talk:IPA for English#The Diaphonemic System, which all too often turned off-topic. Before that, /aː, ɒː/ had already been criticized in Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 13#Bad, Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 14#Variable vowel a:, or Help talk:IPA for English#Removing /a:/ and /ɒ(:)/, and /ɨ, ʉ/ had already been criticized in Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 3#Barred i, Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 6#Questions, Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 9#ʉ or Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 14#Sources for non-IPA use of the symbols ⟨ɨ⟩, ⟨ʉ⟩ and ⟨ɵ⟩, but in spite of all this criticizing, nothing was changed.

Before implementing the consensus on the help page, the changes were explicitly announced two times on the talk page (see [19], [20]). The most contended change was the discontinuation of /aː/, but even the user who had introduced the sign (see [21]) agreed to its discontinuation [22] after it had been shown that the sign is hardly ever used in the intended way.

Since the consensus has been implemented on the help page (see [23] and [24]), it has not been challenged or reverted.

Change Preferred code before change (check for backwards compatibility!) Preferred code after change
Discontinue /aː/
Discontinue /ɒː/
Replace /ɨ/ by /ᵻ/
Replace /ʉ/ by /ᵿ/
Replace /jʉ/ by /jᵿ/

Add length marks

In Help talk:IPA for English#Inconsistency in length marks, a consensus has been reached that length mark should be added to /ɑːr, ɔːr, ɜːr/. Since the consensus has been implemented on the help page [25], it has not been challenged or reverted.

Change Preferred code before change (check for backwards compatibility!) Preferred code after change
Replace /ɑr/ by /ɑːr/
Replace /ɔr/ by /ɔːr/
Replace /ɜr/ by /ɜːr/

Replace example word “bedroom” by “situtation”

In Help talk:IPA for English#Reduced and Variable Vowels, a consensus has been reached that /u/ should only be used in reduced syllables. The example word “situation” is better suited for this purpose. Its /u/ is undeniably in an unstressed syllable, whereas the word “room” can be stressed. Since the consensus has been implemented on the help page [26], it has not been challenged or reverted.

Change Preferred code before change (check for backwards compatibility!) Preferred code after change
Only use /u/ in reduced syllables
  • {{IPAc-en|r|u|m}} → /rum/
  • {{IPAc-en/sandbox|r|u|m}} → /rum/

Discontinue /ɵ/

See Help talk:IPA for English#RfC: Should we continue recommending the sign ⟨ɵ⟩?

Change Preferred code before change (check for backwards compatibility!) Preferred code after change
Merge /ɵ/ into /oʊ/

Find ⟨ɵ⟩

Sources for copying:

  • {{refn|{{Citation |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |title=English Pronouncing Dictionary |editors=Peter Roach, James Hartmann and Jane Setter |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |orig-year=1917 |year=2003 |isbn=3-12-539683-2 }}}}
  • {{refn|{{cite web |url=https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/gastropoda |title=gastropoda - definition of gastropoda in English from the Oxford dictionary |publisher=[[OxfordDictionaries.com]] |access-date=2016-01-20 }}}}
  • {{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|gastropoda}}}}
  • {{refn|{{Dictionary.com|gastropoda}}}}
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