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< User:J. 'mach' wust
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by J. 'mach' wust (talk | contribs) at 10:24, 23 December 2015 (deleting “List of pages that use ⟨aː⟩ in an English transcription” [that’s the double-storey front ⟨a⟩] – done). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

2015-11-24 list of pages that have speakers=? in the language infobox

This list has been made by searching for "The sources for this article do not contain any information regarding the number of native speakers." on 2015-11-24.

  1. Aachen dialect
  2. Aivilik dialect
  3. Aka language
  4. Algerian Sign Language
  5. Alipur Sign Language
  6. Amami Oshima Sign Language
  7. Anglo-Cornish
  8. Argentine Sign Language
  9. Armenian Sign Language
  10. Austrian German
  11. Bamako Sign Language
  12. Bhutanese Sign Language
  13. Black American Sign Language
  14. Boholano dialect
  15. Brabantian dialect
  16. Bribri Sign Language
  17. Brunca Sign Language
  18. Bura Sign Language
  19. Burkina Sign Language
  20. Burmese sign language
  21. Cantonese
  22. Chevak Cup’ik language
  23. Chewa language
  24. Colombian Sign Language
  25. Cuban Sign Language
  26. Cypriot Sign Language
  27. Doko language (Bantu)
  28. East Flemish
  29. Egyptian Sign Language
  30. Enga Sign Language
  31. English in New Mexico
  32. Erzgebirgisch
  33. Gambian Sign Language
  34. Georgian Sign Language
  35. German Standard German
  36. Guatemalan Sign Language
  37. Gudbrandsdalsmål
  38. Guinea-Bissau Sign Language
  39. Guyanese Sign Language
  40. Hamont dialect
  41. Hasselt dialect
  42. Hausa Sign Language
  43. Hokkien
  44. Honduran Sign Language
  45. Hong Kong Cantonese
  46. Inuttitut
  47. Iraqi Sign Language
  48. Jhankot Sign Language
  49. Kagoshima dialect
  50. Kangiryuarmiutun
  51. Kansai dialect
  52. Kantō dialect
  53. Kensiu language
  54. Kerkrade dialect
  55. Kivalliq dialect
  56. Korean Sign Language
  57. Kunming dialect
  58. Kuvale language
  59. Kuwaiti Sign Language
  60. Laotian sign languages
  61. Lebanese Arabic
  62. Levantine Arabic Sign Language
  63. Libyan Sign Language
  64. Lyons Sign Language
  65. Macedonian Sign Language
  66. Mauritian Sign Language
  67. Mbali language
  68. Mbour Sign Language
  69. Meixian dialect
  70. Meridional French
  71. Metombola language
  72. Mishar Tatar dialect
  73. Mongolian Sign Language
  74. Mozambican Sign Language
  75. Nagoya dialect
  76. Netsilik dialect
  77. New Mexican Spanish
  78. Ngubi language
  79. North Baffin dialect
  80. North-Central American English
  81. Norwegian Sign Language
  82. Nunivak Cup'ig language
  83. Old Bangkok Sign Language
  84. Omani Sign Language
  85. Pahang Malay
  86. Palestinian Arabic
  87. Persian Sign Language
  88. Peruvian Sign Language
  89. Philippine English
  90. Philippine Sign Language
  91. Qatari Unified Sign Language
  92. Rusa language
  93. Rwandan Sign Language
  94. Sabino dialect
  95. Salvadoran Sign Language
  96. Samoan Sign Language
  97. Saudi Sign Language
  98. Shanghainese
  99. Shapsug Adyghe dialect
  100. Siglitun
  101. Somali Sign Language
  102. Standard German
  103. Sudanese sign languages
  104. Sumayela Ndebele language
  105. Sussex dialect
  106. Swiss-German Sign Language
  107. Tibetan Sign Language
  108. Tokyo dialect
  109. Tsugaru dialect
  110. Turkish Sign Language
  111. Ugandan Sign Language
  112. Ulster Scots dialects
  113. Ute dialect
  114. Utkuhiksalik
  115. Uummarmiutun
  116. Varieties of American Sign Language
  117. Venezuelan Sign Language
  118. Vietnamese sign languages
  119. Weert dialect
  120. Western Lombard dialect
  121. Westphalian language
  122. Yaeyama language
  123. Yemeni Sign Language
  124. Yoruba Sign Language

Edit history of ⟨ɵ⟩

History of how the sign ⟨ɵ⟩ has been defined on Help:IPA for English.

Description Footnote Diff
Link Summary Date Editor
following Pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. [1] 2009-05-20 18:14:46 Kwamikagami
following Pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. [2] 2009-05-20 18:21:33 Kwamikagami
following Pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. [3] 2009-06-28 21:57:06 Kwamikagami
following, omission Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) [4] ref for ɵ 2009-06-28 23:04:51 Kwamikagami
followingkilogram, omission Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [5] mentioning more common transcription for ɵ. (BTW, is there anyone who would end "follow" with a schwa? If not, what's wrong with transcribing "following" as "follow" + /ɨŋ/, in a *phonemic* transcription?) 2009-09-08 01:32:47 A. di M.
kilogram, omission Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [6] rm. kg per Talk[note 1] 2010-03-30 18:18:23 Kwamikagami
omission (either oʊ or ə) Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [7] clarification of variation of red. vowels, per talk[note 2] 2010-08-10 23:31:29 A. di M.
omission (either oʊ or ə) Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /əoʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [8] 2013-05-29 14:49:13 Lfdder
omission (either oʊ or ə) Pronounced [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989)[ref 1] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [9] Converting raw external links to references 2015-03-13 13:38:07 SnorlaxMonster
omission (either oʊ or ə) Pronounced/ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.[ref 1] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [10] fix error; rewrite notes so that all have full sentences; logically necessary statement on /r/ 2015-04-14 08:16:56 Erutuon
omission (either oʊ or ə) /ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.[ref 1][ref 2] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [11] full citation for Bolinger 2015-05-27 19:15:03 Aeusoes1
omission (either /oʊ/ or /ə/) /ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.[ref 2] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [12] added missing slashes or brackets 2015-10-22 10:37:22 J. 'mach' wust
omission (either /oʊ/ or /ə/) /ɵ/ is pronounced as [ə] in many dialects, and [ɵw] or [əw] before another vowel, as in cooperate. Sometimes pronounced as a full /oʊ/, especially in careful speech.[ref 2][ref 3] Usually transcribed as /ə(ʊ)/ (or similar ways of showing variation between /oʊ/ and /ə/) in British dictionaries. [13] correction to Bolinger reference 2015-12-16 10:51:17 J. 'mach' wust

References

  1. ^ a b c Bolinger 1989
  2. ^ a b c Bolinger, Dwight (1989), Intonation and Its Uses:Melody in Grammar and Discourse, Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-8047-1535-1
  3. ^ Bolinger, Dwight (1986), Intonation and Its Parts: Melody in Spoken English, Stanford University Press, pp. 347–360, ISBN 0-8047-1241-7

Notes

  1. ^ Probably referring to Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 1#Kilogram vs. omission.
  2. ^ Probably referring to Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 9#ʉ.

On talk

Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 6#Questions:

Help talk:IPA for English/Archive 7#BATH vowel:

Vowels

The following tables compare the broad IPA pronunciation scheme of some dictionaries to the one used on Wikipedia. The overview is not exhaustive, but major pronouncing dictionaries have been included. Highlight colors:

  • Green highlights pronunciation symbols that are the same as on Wikipedia (disregarding a syllable divider when it does not mean a two-syllable pronunciation, but only that the /r/ belongs to the next syllable, and disregarding different symbolizations of the syllable divider or of /r/);
  • yellow highlights pronunciation symbols that differ only in the use of the length symbol ⟨ː⟩, in parentheses, in superscripts, in non-rhotic dropped /r/, or in inserting an optional sign;
  • red highlights pronunciation symbols that use different signs.

Other conventions:

  • A question mark (?) means that the sound has not been found in the respective dictionary.
  • A blank cell means that the dictionary has not been checked.
  • A slash (/) separates variant pronunciations signs. The order of the variant pronunciation symbols is the same as in the source.
  • Smaller text (like so) highlights variant pronunciations that are not preferred (only some dictionaries make such a distinction).
  • A comma (,) separates different pronunciation depending on the word or depending on the region. The differences are explained in a footnote or by broadly specifying the region.

Checked vowels

Checked vowels
WP example
word 		Jones Longman OALD OED2 SOED OED3
(UK) 		OED3
(US) 		dict K&K Mac WL CUBE
(BE) (AE) (BE) (AE) (BE) (AE) (GA) (ES)
æ trap æ æ æ æ æ æ æ a a æ æ æ æ æ æ a
ær _V carry ær er/​ær ær ær ær ær ær ar ɛr ær ær ær ær ær aɹ
ɛ dress e e e e e e ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ ɛ e ɛ
ɛr _V merry er er er er er er ɛr ɛr ɛr ɛr ɛr ɛr ɛr er ɛɹ
ɪ kit ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ ɪ
ɪr _V mirror ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪr ɪɹ
ɒ lot ɒ ɑː ɒ ɑː ɒ ɒ ɒ ɒ ɒ ɑ ɒ ɑ ɑ ɒ o ɔ
ɒr _V forage ɒr ɔːr ɒr ɔːr/​ɑː ɒr ɔːr/​ɑːr ɒr ɒr ɔr ɔr/​ɒr ɔr/​ɑr/​ɒr ɔr/​ɑr/​ɒr ɒr or,
AE: ɔr 		ɔɹ
ʊ foot ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ᴜ ᴜ ʊ ʊ ɵ
ʊr _V courier ʊr ʊr ʊr/​ ɝː/​ʊr ʊr ʊr ʊr ɜr/​ʊər ᴜr/​ɝ ᴜr/​ɜr/​ʌr/​ɝ ʊr ʊr,
AE: ʊr/​ɜ 		ɵɹ
ʌ strut ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ə ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ ʌ
ʌr _V hurry ʌr ɝ ʌr ɝː ʌr ɜːr ʌr ʌr ʌr ɜr/​ʌr ɝ ɜr/​ʌr/​ɝ ʌr ʌr,
AE: ɜ 		ʌɹ

Free vowels

Free vowels
WP example
word 		Jones Longman OALD OED2 SOED OED3
(UK) 		OED3
(US) 		dict K&K Mac WL CUBE
(BE) (AE) (BE) (AE) (BE) (AE) (GA) (ES)
ɑː palm ɑː ɑː ɑː ɑː ɑː ɑː ɑː ɑː ɑː ɑ ɑ ɑ ɑ a ɑ ɑː
ɑr _∅ car ɑːr ɑːr ɑː ɑːr ɑː(r) ɑːr ɑː(r) ɑr ɑr ɑr ɑː(r a ɑ(r) ɑː
_C start ɑː ɑːr ɑː ɑːr ɑː ɑːr ɑː ɑː ɑː ɑr ɑr ɑr ɑː a ɑ,
AE: ɑr 		ɑː
_V safari ɑː.r ɑːr ɑːr ɑːr ɑːr ɑːr ɑr ɑr ɑr ɑr ar ɑr ɑːɹ
aɪ price aɪ aɪ aɪ aɪ aɪ aɪ aɪ ʌɪ ʌɪ aɪ aɪ aɪ aɪ aɪ ɑɪ ɑj
aɪər _∅ fire aɪər aɪɚ aɪ‿ə aɪ‿ər aɪə(r) aɪər aɪə(r) aɪər aɪr aɪə(r aɪə ɑɪə(r) ɑjə
_C firefly aɪə aɪɚ aɪ‿ə aɪ‿ər aɪə aɪər ʌɪə aɪər aɪr aɪə aɪə ɑɪə,
AE: ɑɪər 		ɑjə
_V irony, firing aɪə.r, aɪə.r[a] aɪ.r, aɪɚ[b] aɪ‿ər aɪr aɪr aɪ r aɪr aɪr aɪər ɑɪər ɑjɹ
aɪ.ər _∅ flyer,
higher 		aɪ.ər aɪ.ɚ aɪ‿ə aɪ‿ər aɪə(r) aɪər aɪə(r) aɪ ər aɪɚ aɪ•ə(r aɪə ɑɪə(r) ɑjə
aʊ mouth aʊ aʊ aʊ aʊ aʊ aʊ aʊ aʊ aʊ aʊ aʊ aᴜ aᴜ aʊ ɑʊ aw
aʊər _∅ flour,
hour 		aʊər aʊr, aʊr/​aʊɚ[c] aʊ‿ə aʊ‿ər aʊə(r) aʊər aʊə(r) aʊər/​aʊ ər aᴜr aᴜə(r aʊə ɑʊə(r) ɑwə
_C hourglass aʊə aʊr/​aʊɚ aʊə aʊər aʊə aʊər/​aʊ ər ɑwə
_V floury aʊə.r aʊə.r aʊ‿ər aʊər aʊər aʊər/​aʊ ə r aᴜr aᴜər aʊər ? ɑwɹ
aʊ.ər _∅ flower aʊər aʊɚ aʊ‿ə aʊ‿ər aʊə(r) aʊər aʊə(r) aʊ ər aᴜɚ/​aᴜr aᴜ•ə(r/​aᴜə(r aʊə ɑʊə(r) ɑwə
_C flowerbed aʊə aʊɚ aʊ‿ə aʊ‿ər aʊə aʊər aʊə aʊər aᴜr aᴜə aʊə ɑʊə,
AE: ɑʊər 		ɑwə
_V flowery aʊə.r aʊɚ aʊ‿ər aʊər aʊər aʊ ə r aᴜr aᴜər aʊər ? ɑwəɹ
eɪ face eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ eɪ e e eɪ eɪ ɛj
ɛər _∅ square eər er eə eǝr/​æər eə(r) er ɛə(r) ɛ(ə)r ɛər ɛr/​ær æə(r,
E: ɛə(r 		ɛə eə,
AE: eər 		ɛː
_C bairn eə er eə eǝr eə er ɛə ɛː ɛː ɛ(ə)r ɛər ɛr/​ær/​er æə/​eə,
E: ɛə 		ɛə eə,
AE: eər 		ɛː
_V fairy eə.r er eər er ɛːr ɛ(ə)r ɛər ɛr/​ɛːr/​ær ɛr/​ɛːr/​ær,
S: ær/​er 		ɛər eər ɛːɹ
eɪ.ər _∅ prayer[d],
layer 		eɪ.ər, eɪ.ər/eər[e] eɪ.ɚ eɪ ǝ eɪ ǝr eɪə(r)/​eə(r) er eɪ ər e•ɚ e•ə(r eɪə eɪə(r) ɛjə
iː fleece iː iː iː iː iː iː iː iː iː i i i i i i ɪj
ɪər _∅ near ɪər ɪr ɪə ɪǝr ɪə(r) ɪr ɪə(r) ɪ(ə)r ɪər ɪr ɪə(r ɪə ɪə(r) ɪː
_C beard ɪə ɪr ɪə ɪǝr ɪə ɪr ɪə ɪə ɪə ɪ(ə)r ɪər ɪr ɪə ɪə ɪə,
AE: ɪər 		ɪː
_V eerie ɪə.r ɪr ɪər ɪr ɪər ɪr ɪ(ə)r ɪər ɪr/​ir ɪr/​ir ɪər ɪər ɪːɹ
iː.ər _∅ seer,
freer 		iː.ər/ɪər, iː.ər[f] iː.ɚ iː‿ə iː‿ər ɪə(r) ɪr i ər iɚ i•ə(r ɪə ɪə(r) ɪjə
ɔː thought ɔː ɑː/​ɔː ɔː ɑː ɔː ɔː ɔː ɔː ɔː ɔ ɔ ɔ ɔ ɔ ɔ oː
ɔr _∅ war ɔːr ɔːr ɔː ɔːr ɔː(r) ɔːr ɔː(r) ɔr ɔr ɔr ɔə(r ɔ ɔ(r) oː
_C north ɔː ɔːr ɔː ɔːr ɔː ɔːr ɔː ɔː ɔr ɔr ɔr ɔə ɔ ɔ,
AE: ɔr 		oː
_V aural ɔː.r ɔːr ɔːr ɔːr ɔːr ɔːr ɔːr ɔr ɔr ɔr ɔr ɔr ɔr oːɹ
ɔː.ər _∅ drawer[g],
rawer 		ɔː.ər ɑː.ɚ/​ɔː.ɚ ɔː ər/​ɑː- ɔːə(r) ɔːər ɔ ər ɔ•ɚ ɔ•ə(r ɔə ɔə(r) ?
oʊ goat əʊ oʊ əʊ oʊ əʊ oʊ əʊ əʊ əʊ oʊ oʊ o o oʊ əʊ əw
ɔər _∅ ore ɔːr ɔːr ɔː ɔːr/​oʊr ɔː(r) ɔːr ɔə(r) ɔ(ə)r ɔr/​oʊr or/​ɔr oə(r ɔ ɔ(r) oː
_C force ɔː ɔːr ɔː ɔːr/​oʊr ɔː ɔːr ɔə ɔː ɔ(ə)r ɔr/​oʊr or/​ɔr oə ɔ ɔ,
AE: ɔr 		oː
_V oral ɔː.r ɔːr ɔːr ɔːr/​oʊr ɔːr ɔːr ɔ(ə)r ɔr/​oʊr or/​ɔr or/​ɔr,
S: or 		ɒr ɔr,
AE: or 		oːɹ
oʊ.ər _∅ mower əʊ.ər oʊ.ɚ əʊ ə oʊ ər əʊə(r) oʊər oʊ ər o•ə(r o•ə(r oʊə əʊə,
AE: əʊər 		əwə
ɔɪ choice ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔɪ oj
ɔɪər _∅ coir ɔɪər ɔɪr ɔɪə(r) ɔɪər ɔɪə(r) ɔɪr ojə
ɔɪ.ər _∅ employer ɔɪ.ər ɔɪ.ɚ ɔɪ ə ɔɪ ər ɔɪə(r) ɔɪər ɔɪə(r) ɔɪ ər uə/​ɔjɚ ɔɪ•ə(r/​ɔjə(r ɔɪə ? ojə
uː goose uː uː uː uː uː uː uː uː uː u u u u u u ʉw
ʊər _∅ cure ʊə ʊr ʊə/​ɔː ʊər ʊə(r) ʊr ʊə(r) ʊ(ə)r ʊər ᴜr ᴜə(r uə/​ʊə ʊə(r) ɵː/​oː[h]
_C procurement,
poorhouse 		ʊə/ɔː, ɔː/ʊə[i] ʊr ɔː/​ʊə ʊr/​ɔːr ʊə, ɔː/ʊə[j] ʊr, ɔːr/ʊr[k] ʊə ʊə ʊə ʊ(ə)r ʊər ᴜr ᴜə/​oə/​ɔə ɔ ʊə/​ɔ,
AE: ʊər 		ɵː, oː[l]
_V fury ʊə.r ʊr ʊər/​ɔːr ʊr ʊər ʊr ʊər ʊ(ə)r ʊər ᴜr ᴜr ur ʊər ɵːɹ/​oːɹ
uː.ər _∅ fewer,
sewer[m] 		uː.ər, ʊər[n] uː.ɚ uː‿ə uː‿ər uːə(r) uːər u ər u•ɚ u•ə(r uə uə(r) ʉwə
ɜr _∅ fur ɜːr ɝː ɜː ɝː ɜː(r) ɜːr ɜː(r) ər ɜr ɝ ɜ(r/​ɝ ɜ ɜ əː
_C nurse ɜː ɝː ɜː ɝː ɜː ɜːr ɜː əː əː ər ɜr ɝ ɜ/​ɝ ɜ ɜ əː
_V furry ɜː.r ɝː ɜːr ɝː ɜːr ɜːr əːr ər ɜr ɝ ɜr/​ɝ ɜr ɜr əːɹ
  1. ^ Jones (BE): /aɪə.r/ in irony, Irish; /aɪə.r/ in firing.
  2. ^ Jones (AE): /aɪ.r/ in irony, Irish; /aɪɚ/ in firing.
  3. ^ Jones (AE): /aʊr/ in flour; /aʊr/ or /aʊɚ/ in hour.
  4. ^ Person who prays.
  5. ^ Jones (BE): /eɪ.ər/ in prayer; /eɪ.ər/ or /eər/ in layer.
  6. ^ Jones (BE): /iː.ər/ or /ɪər/ in seer; /iː.ər/ in freer.
  7. ^ Person who draws.
  8. ^ See english speech services | The British English vowel system.
  9. ^ Jones (BE): /ʊə/ or /ɔː/ in procurement; /ɔː/ or /ʊə/ in poorhouse.
  10. ^ OALD (BE): /ʊə/ in procurement; /ɔː/ or /ʊə/ in poorhouse.
  11. ^ OALD (AE): /ʊr/ in procurement; /ɔːr/ or /ʊr/ in poorhouse.
  12. ^ CUBE: /ɵː/ in procurement; /oː/ in poorhouse.
  13. ^ Drain.
  14. ^ Jones (BE): /uː.ər/ in fewer; /ʊər/ in sewer.

Reduced vowels

Reduced vowels
WP example
word 		Jones Longman OALD OED2 SOED OED3
(UK) 		OED3
(US) 		dict K&K Mac WL CUBE
(BE) (AE) (BE) (AE) (BE) (AE) (GA) (ES)
ə comma, ago ə ə ə ə ə ə ə ə ə ə ə ə ə ə ə ə
ən kitten ən ən ən ən n n (ə)n (ə)n n̩ ən n n̩ n̩ n n ən
əm rhythm əm əm əm əm əm əm (ə)m əm m̩ əm əm əm/​m̩ əm/​m̩ əm m əm
əl middle l̩ l̩ əl əl l l (ə)l (ə)l l̩ əl l l̩ l̩ l l əl
ər _∅ letter ər ɚ ə ər ə(r) ər ə(r) ər ər ɚ ə(r ə ə(r) ə
_C bittersweet ə ɚ ə ər ə ər ə ə ə ər ər ɚ ɚ ə ? ə
_V murderer ər ɚ ‿ər ər ər ər (ə)r ər ər ər ər ər ər əɹ
i happy i i i i i i ɪ i i i i ɪ ɪ i ɪ ɪj
u situation u u u u u u ʊ u ᴜ/​əw[a] ᴜ/​əw[b] u ʊ ʉw
ᵻ roses, enough,
enounce, emission,
mistress 		ɪ, ɪ/ə, ə/ɪ, ɪ/iː[c] ɪ, ɪ/ə, ɪ/iː[d] ɪ/ə, ɪ/ə/iː, ɪ/iː, ə/ɪ[e] ə, ɪ/ə, ɪ/ə/iː, ɪ/iː, ə/ɪ[f] ɪ, ə, i[g] ɪ, ə, i[h] ɪ ɪ ᵻ ə ɪ ɪ, ə/ɪ, i[i] ɪ, ə/ɪ, i[j] ə, ə/i, i[k] ɪ, ɪ/ə, ə/ɪ[l] ɪ, ə[m]
ɵ follow, cooperate,
omission, kilogram 		əʊ, əʊ[n] oʊ, oʊ/ə[o] əʊ, əʊ, ə[p] oʊ, oʊ/ə, ə[q] əʊ, ə[r] oʊ, ə[s] ə(ʊ) ə(ʊ) oʊ, ə[t] o/ə, o, ə[u] o/ə, o, ə[v] oʊ, oʊ/ə, ə[w] əʊ, ə/əʊ, ə[x] əw, ə[y]
ᵿ beautiful, curriculum ə/ʊ, ə/ʊ[z] ə/ʊ, ə[aa] ə/ʊ, ʊ/ə[ab] ə/ʊ, ə[ac] –, ə[ad] –, ə[ae] ʊ ᵿ ə ə[af] ə[ag] ʊ, ə[ah] –, ʊ[ai] ə
  1. ^ K&K (GA): /ˌsɪtʃᴜˈeʃən/ or /ˌsɪtʃəˈweʃən/.
  2. ^ K&K (ES): /ˌsɪtʃᴜˈeʃən/ or /ˌsɪtʃəˈweʃən/.
  3. ^ Jones (BE): /ɪ/ in roses, enounce; /ɪ/ or /ə/ in enough; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in mistress; /ɪ/ or /iː/ in emission.
  4. ^ Jones (AE): /ɪ/ in roses, enounce, mistres; /ɪ/ or /ə/ in enough; /ɪ/ or /iː/ in emission.
  5. ^ Longman (BE): /ɪ/ or /ə/ in roses, enough; /ɪ/ or /ə, iː/ in emission; /ɪ/ or /iː/ in enounce; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in mistress.
  6. ^ Longman (AE): /ə/ in roses; /ɪ/ or /ə/ in enough; /ɪ/ or /ə, iː/ in emission; /ɪ/ or /iː/ in enounce; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in mistress.
  7. ^ OALD (BE): /ɪ/ in enough; /ə/ in mistress; /i/ in emission.
  8. ^ OALD (AE): /ɪ/ in enough; /ə/ in mistress; /i/ in emission.
  9. ^ K&K (GA): /ɪ/ in roses, emission, mistress; /ǝ/ or /ɪ/ in enough; /i/ in enounce.
  10. ^ K&K (ES): /ɪ/ in roses, emission, mistress; /ǝ/ or /ɪ/ in enough; /i/ in enounce.
  11. ^ Mac: /ə/ in roses, mistress; /ə/ or /i/ in emission, enough; /i/ in enounce.
  12. ^ WL: /ɪ/ in emission; /ɪ/ or /ə/ in enough; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in mistress.
  13. ^ CUBE: /ɪ/ in roses, enough, emission; /ə/ in mistress.
  14. ^ Jones (BE): /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /əʊ/ in omission, kilogram.
  15. ^ Jones (AE): /oʊ/ in follow, cooperate, omission; /oʊ/ or /ə/ in kilogram.
  16. ^ Longman (BE): /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /əʊ/ in omission, kilobyte; /ə/ in kilogram.
  17. ^ Longman (AE): /oʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /oʊ/ or /ə/ in omission; /ə/ in kilogram.
  18. ^ OALD (BE): /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /ə/ in omission, kilogram.
  19. ^ OALD (AE): /oʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /ə/ in omission, kilogram.
  20. ^ dict: /oʊ/ in cooperate, follow, omission; /ə/ in kilogram.
  21. ^ K&K (GA): /o/ or /ə/ in follow; /o/ in cooperate, omission; /ə/ in kilogram.
  22. ^ K&K (ES): /o/ or /ə/ in follow; /o/ in cooperate, omission; /ə/ in kilogram.
  23. ^ Mac: /oʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /oʊ/ or /ə/ omission; /ə/ in kilogram.
  24. ^ WL: /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /ə/ or /əʊ/ in omission; /ə/ in kilogram.
  25. ^ CUBE: /əw/ in follow, cooperate; /ə/ in omission, kilogram.
  26. ^ Jones (BE): /ə/ or /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ə/ or /ʊ/ in curriculum.
  27. ^ Jones (AE): /ə/ or /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ə/ in curriculum.
  28. ^ Longman (BE): /ə/ or /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ʊ/ or /ə/ in curriculum.
  29. ^ Longman (AE): /ə/ or /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ǝ/ in curriculum.
  30. ^ OALD (BE): – in beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/; /ə/ in curriculum.
  31. ^ OALD (BE): – in beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/; /ə/ in curriculum.
  32. ^ K&K (GA): /ǝ/ in beautiful, curriculum.
  33. ^ K&K (ES): /ǝ/ in beautiful, curriculum.
  34. ^ Mac: /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ə/ in curriculum.
  35. ^ WL: – in beautiful /ˈbjutəfl/; /ʊ/ in curriculum.

Discussions of superscript r on Help talk:IPA for English

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