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Organizational metacognition

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Organizational metacognition is knowing what an organization knows,[1] a concept related to metacognition, organizational learning and sensemaking used to describe how organizations and teams develop an awareness of their own thinking,[2] learning how to learn.[3][4][5], where awareness of ignorance can motivate learning[6].

The organizational deutero-learning concept identified by Argyris and Schon[7][8] is when organizations learn how to carry out single loop and double loop learning. It has also been described as learning how to learn[9] through a process of collaborative inquiry and reflection (evaluative inquiry).

"When an organization engages in deutero-learning its members learn about the previous context for learning. They reflect on and inquire into previous episodes of organizational learning, or failure to learn. They discover what they did that facilitated or inhibited learning, they invent new strategies for learning, they produce these strategies, and they evaluate and generalize what they have produced" [8]

Learning what facilitates and inhibits learning enables organizations to develop new strategies to develop their knowledge. For example, identification of a gap between perceived performance (such as satisfaction) and actual performance (outcomes) creates an awareness that makes the organization understand that learning needs to occur, driving appropriate changes to the environment and processes[10]. Visser (2007) reviewed and reformulated the concept of deutero-learning as, "the behavioral adaptation to patterns of conditioning in relationships in organizational contexts, distinguishing it from meta-learning and planned learning" (pg. 659)[11].

Wijnhoven (2001) grouped four learning prototypes that best meet learning needs, the match between these needs and learning norms dictating an organization's learning capabilities; deutero-learning is the acquisition of these capabilities.[12]

  1. knowledge gap analysis[13]
  2. classification of problems to select operationally required knowledge and skills[14]
  3. coping with organizational tremors and jolts by anticipation, response and adjustments of behavioural repertoirs[15]
  4. decisional uncertainty measurement[16]

References

  1. ^ Looney, J.P.; Nissen, Mark E. (2007-01-01). "Organizational Metacognition: The Importance of Knowing the Knowledge Network". 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2007. HICSS 2007: 190c – 190c. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2007.419.
  2. ^ Riding, R. J. (2000-01-01). Cognitive Styles. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9781567504590.
  3. ^ McCarthy, Alma; Garavan, Thomas N. (2008-06-19). "Team Learning and Metacognition: A Neglected Area of HRD Research and Practice". Advances in Developing Human Resources. doi:10.1177/1523422308320496. ISSN 1523-4223.
  4. ^ Briñol, Pablo; DeMarree, Kenneth (2012-04-27). Social Metacognition. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781135234096.
  5. ^ "Kellogg School of Management | Northwestern University". www.kellogg.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
  6. ^ "Understanding Organizations as Learning Systems". MIT Sloan Management Review. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  7. ^ Schon, Donald A. (1975-01-01). "Deutero-learning in organizations: Learning for". Organizational Dynamics. 4 (1): 2–16. doi:10.1016/0090-2616(75)90001-7.
  8. ^ a b Argyris, Chris; Schon, Donald A. (1978-05-18). Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective: 001. Reading, Mass: Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co. ISBN 9780201001747.
  9. ^ Preskill, Hallie (1998-10-20). PRESKILL: EVALUATIVE INQUIRY FOR. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, Incorporated. ISBN 9780761904540.
  10. ^ "Organizational Learning - Knowledge Center". www.12manage.com. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  11. ^ Visser, Max (2007-04-01). "Deutero-Learning in Organizations: A Review and a Reformulation". Academy of Management Review. 32 (2): 659–667. doi:10.5465/AMR.2007.24351883. ISSN 0363-7425.
  12. ^ Wijnhoven, Fons (2001-06-01). "Acquiring Organizational Learning Norms A Contingency Approach for Understanding Deutero Learning". Management Learning. 32 (2): 181–200. doi:10.1177/1350507601322002. ISSN 1350-5076.
  13. ^ Simonin, Bernard L.; Helleloid, Duane (1993-08-01). "Do Organizations Learn? an Empirical Test of Organizational Learning in International Strategic Alliances". Academy of Management Proceedings. 1993 (1): 222–226. doi:10.5465/AMBPP.1993.10316992. ISSN 0065-0668.
  14. ^ Tampoe, Mahen (1994-08-01). "Exploiting the core competences of your organization". Long Range Planning. 27 (4): 66–77. doi:10.1016/0024-6301(94)90057-4.
  15. ^ Meyer, John W. "Conclusion: Institutionalization and the rationality of formal organizational structure." Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality (1992): 261-282.
  16. ^ Duncan, R., and A. Weiss. "Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective." MA: Addison-Weslay. Morgan, G. and Ramirez (1979): 1-28.
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