C-class blimp
| C class | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Patrol airship |
| Manufacturer | Various (Goodyear, Goodrich) |
| First flight | 30 September 1918, at Wingfoot Lake |
| Retired | 1922 |
| Primary user | US Navy |
| Number built | 10 |
The C-class blimp was a patrol airship developed by the US Navy shortly after World War I, a systematic improvement upon the B-type which was very suitable for training, but of limited value for patrol work. Larger, with two motors, and a longer endurance. Once again, the envelope production was split between Goodyear and Goodrich, with control cars being built by the Burgess division of Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. Originally the Navy ordered 30, reduced to 10 after the armistice.[1] All ten of the "C" type blimps were delivered in late 1918, and examples served at all of the Navy's airship stations from 1918 to 1922. In 1921 the C-7 was the first airship ever to be inflated with helium.[2] The Navy decomissioned its last two remaining C-type airships, the C-7 and C-9 in 1922.
Operations
Arriving too late for the war, the C-type was used for a variety of activities. Training of course, but there were also other exploits. C-1 was the first airship to release an airplane in flight when the C-1 dropped a Curtiss JN-4 over Fort Tilden, New York on 12 December 1918.[2] C-1 also tested a job which Navy blimps would also perform for the rest of their service. It was flown to Key West, Florida where it tracked torpedoes fired in practice from submarines. The only notable C-type was the C-5, which was flown to St. Johns, Newfoundland, where it was to attempt a transatlantic flight in competition with the US Navy's heavier-than-air Curtiss NC flying boats. In the race to be first to cross the Atlantic, in addition to the C5 and NC flying boats there were two British entrants. This unofficial "race" drew much public interest on both sides of the Atlantic and was covered by the press in detail[3] The attempt ended when a sudden windstorm tore the unmanned C-5 from the hands of the ground crew and was blown out to sea.[4] Two C-type blimps were transferred to the US Army.[5] C-8 exploded 2 July 1919 while landing at Camp Holabird, Maryland, injuring ~80 adults and children who were watching it. Windows in homes a mile away were shattered by the blast.[6][7] On 7 July 1921, US Navy Airship C-3 burned at Naval Air Station Hampton Roads, Norfolk, Virginia.[8]
Interesting fact
The first US nuclear bombs, the Fat Man (Mark III) had incredibly bad ballistics. Los Alamos engineers, in an effort to fit the awkward shape of the weapon into an aerodynamically sound shape, based the Mark IV bomb casing upon the shape of the C-type blimp envelope.[9]
Operators
Specifications (typical)
General characteristics
- Crew: Four
Performance
See also
References
- ^ Althoff, Wlliam F, SkyShips, New York: Orion Books, 1990, ISBN 0-517-56904-3, p. 6.
- ^ a b Clark, Basil, The History of Airships, New York: St Martin's Press, 1961, Library of Congress 64-12336, p. 147.
- ^ The New York Times, May 10, 1919, British Airmen Think They Can Win
- ^ The New York Times, June 9, 1921, Friday, 1919
- ^ Shock, James R., American Airship Bases and Facilities, 1996, Atlantis Productions, Edgewater Florida, ISBN 978-0964948037, page 23
- ^ http://www.hsobc.org/Documents/BC%20Timeline.pdf
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=2u0bAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Winkler+dirigible&source=bl&ots=pgdeuJ4Ggh&sig=NxSU2MnUDsIm-g-eopIlFcHibHA
- ^ The New York Times, July 8, 1921, Friday, Page 1, Big Navy Dirigible Burned in Flight; Flames Destroy the C-3 at Hampton Roads
- ^ Hansen, Chuck, Swords of Armageddon, 1995, Chukelea Publications, Sunnyvale, California, page Volume VII Page 134 (Footnote)
- Althoff, William F.. (1990). SkyShips. New York, ISBN 0-517-56904-3: Orion Books.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - Shock, James R. (2001). US Navy Airships 1915-1962. Edgewater, Florida: Atlantic Press. pp. 22–27. ISBN 0-9639743-8-6.
- Hansen, Chuck (1995). Swords of Armageddon. Sunnyvale, California: Chucelea Publications.