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Psychogenic amnesia

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Psychogenic amnesia

Dissociative amnesia is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 category 300.12, as a mental disease attributed to obtrusive environmental disability that relies solely upon interaction between adult and infantile human brain processes, and is absent in the form of innate genetic transmissions, cognitive research and sympathetic nervous responses. Symptoms are rapid, underlying and functionally intrepid to dissociative amnesia, which is a function upon itself or a base that makes up the foundation of the DSM-5 category of dissociative disorders, with the most complex being dissociative identity disorder, other specified dissociative disorder, and the least complex is of course dissociative amnesia. Within the limits of dissociative amnesia are separate functions of memory loss adapted to brain function, anatomical references of decision, attention and inattention that are called psychological dissociation because they are not innate to the human brain, while at the same time they are aspects of brain function that is innate to all human mammals and even reptiles. The two complex dissociative disorders are rapid fire functions of innate brain function, but are caused by circumstance rather than innate genetic contribution by birth parents.

The updated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was released to the public May 27, 2013 with codes meant to entail decisive diagnosis rather than explain, interpret or otherwise describe any mental illness, while journal articles, multi-authored texts and other peer reviewed information exists for the purpose of discovery, research and identification. Expert consensus, using said material defines dissociative amnesia as a function of rapid dissociation based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) imaging and Positron emission tomography (PET) scans that identify areas of the brain that respond to stimuli and expert interpretation. The material identifies a reduced ability to attribute facts to lived events within a process of brain apparitions, damage and recoil of the upper membrane covering the corpus callosum and anterior function of the upper caudate. Updated DSM-5 criteria report separate functions of dissociative amnesia, coded toward the dissociative disorders and all dissociative disorders are bound by dissociative amnesia. Dissociative amnesia is only limited by the central nervous system and its innate ability to define lucid constructs of dreams, visions, hallucinations and while those constructs become functions of dissociative amnesia during sleep, they lack both excess and absence during wake. When the ability to define lucid amplification is damaged, then communication within the brain is sought, lost, buried and forsaken by the functions of dissociative amnesia, while at the same time an individual is saturated in the defense mechanism of truth, bringing forth well defined polyvagal responses of terror, fear, trepidation and forsaken losses that are unbearable to manage within the structural aspects of the thinking organs of the brain. Complexity found within the complex dissociative disorders are lacking any type of amnesia, other than dissociative amnesia.

Children suffering from dissociative amnesia omit identification until the functioning indication bearing credibility between the anterior corpus callosum envelope the hiatus as it circumscribes the constructs of initial forms of memory (simple thoughts, ideas), and chemical strains which are at the other end of the spectrum, involving complex unresolved occurrences that define dissociative amnesia as a function of childlike actions and behavior that is commonly identified within the more complex dissociative disorders. If a child is in a prolonged environment conductive to propagating dissociation they will have no choice but to embrace a more complex dissociative disorder.

As the brain develops, it will open up to the idea of complex dissociation creating a template of affliction that as a child's complicated life unfolds it will manipulate and change their young, developing brain. Those who befall the complex dissociative disorders become puppets of their brain disease, and are lost to the complications from which they suffered from throughout childhood and into adulthood. Depending on the situation and environment, and barring any innate genetic boundaries, a stricken individual will wither-away from either other specified dissociative disorder or dissociative identity disorder. Adults will rarely suffer from dissociative amnesia alone, because in childhood, dissociation must be combined within the brain of a fantastical born infant in order to inflict enough damage that it will become a more complex dissociative disorder. As a mental disease that is not innate to man, dissociative amnesia can be repaired by mindfulness or mindful techniques popularized by Daniel Siegal. Drugs are counterproductive and actually inhibit a subject from processing psychological trauma occurrences and integrating them into a function that will eventually become memory. Treatment is substantial with misguided therapy and diagnosis and so only a highly trained trauma therapist should attempt to diagnosis any dissociative disorder. The International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD), as the foremost society conducting trauma research and as the publisher of the Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, they educate therapists in this area of expertise.

Dissociative amnesia is not to be confused with psychogenic amnesia, or any type of amnesia that is not innate to the complex dissociative disorders, just as sleep is not innate to the human animal, and rest is only rest, and hibernation is only hibernation, and sleep is only when the brain ceases to function in a way that allows dissociative amnesia to dissipate, separate and eventually heal, allowing for a continuance of brain nutrition. Note the importance between other specified dissociative disorder and dissociative identity disorder, in that one is not a lesser or greater form of the other, as is a common misnotion, and while dissociative amnesia is an absolute to either disease, it also does not define them. Dissociative fugue (DSM-5 300.13) is subsumed within dissociative amnesia and considered to be a symptom of this diagnosis instead of a disorder in itself.

Dissociative amnesia in the DSM-5

Dissociative amnesia is paramount among the dissociative disorders due to infraction among the mental health of any individual susceptible to inhumane human abuse, isolationist, intolerable infant care and inadequate levels of environmental action, deaction and subaction, because when a child is denied these basic needs, the human brain is damaged to the point of mental disease.[1][2][3]

Category 300.12 (F44.0)

Like all DSM-5 criteria, only a minimum list of situations are needed to diagnosis any given disorder, and dissociative amnesia needs only two, with the usual two other identifications used to rule out misguided diagnosticians.[1][3][4][5][6]

  1. Amnesia of the dissociative nature which is not to be confused with true amnesia which is only found in the most complex of any psychological and mental disorder, dissociative identity disorder.[2]
  2. Significant impairment in "social, occupational or other important areas of functioning" due to symptoms.
  3. Lacking drug affects, direct trauma to the skull or other neurological condition.[7]
  4. Lacking a "temporary state" created purposefully by cultural practice, which is a common addition to any DSM category like this.[1]
  5. The defined symptoms are not attributed to dissociative identity disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder, somatic symptoms disorder or any other neurological disorder.[3]

When amnesia is dissociative it is examined in a way that is casual and fragile, and without due process it can be confused with biological forms of amnesia, but when it is coupled with a dissociative disorder then it is without a doubt equal if not more significant to other forms of amnesia.[2][3][8][8]

Dissociation

Dissociation is defined as a state of being that is pathological to the adult human, but innate to a child because fantasy, dream states and other forms of magical play are part of a child's world, but adults don't fall into the category of play because while they dream and even day dream they don't habituate in the avenue of making it a daily life habit. Onno van der Hart and Ellert Nijenhuis further define dissociation, and while they have a set goal the populous of the ISSTD falls behind them lacking the understanding they have of the subject, but none-the-less, these two researchers are the foremost experts on the subject and have a large following consisting of the top researching in the field.[1][2]

Dissociation in trauma entails a division of an individual’s personality, i.e., of the dynamic, biopsychosocial system as a whole that determines his or her characteristic mental and behavioral actions. This division of personality constitutes a core feature of trauma. It evolves when the individual lacks the capacity to integrate adverse experiences in part or in full, can support adaptation in this context, but commonly also implies adaptive limitations. The division involves two or more insufficiently integrated dynamic, that is changeable, but excessively rigid subsystems. These subsystems exert functions, and can encompass any number of different dynamic configurations of brain, body, and environment. These different configurations manifest as dynamic actions and implied dynamic states. The dissociative subsystems can be latent, or activated in a sequence or in parallel. Each dissociative subsystem, i.e., dissociative part of the personality includes its own, at least rudimentary person perspectives, that is, its own epistemic pluralism and epistemic dependency. As each dissociative part, the individual can interact with other dissociative parts and other individuals, at least in principle. Dissociative parts maintain permeable biopsychosocial boundaries that keep them divided, but that they can in principle dissolve. Phenomenologically, this division of the personality manifest in dissociative symptoms that can be categorized as negative or positive, and cognitive-emotional or sensorimotor.

Personality states

The DSM-5 uses the terminology distinct personality state to determine dissociative identity disorder as it relates to the hard evidence of fMRI imaging, but it leaves open the means to identify the lesser states found in other specified dissociative disorder.[5] Upon the time a neurological disorder is discovered an individual will present with a less-distinct personality state that is subject to vehement expression of verbal, physical and childish action, which is believed to stem from the inaction of the neurological body within the stem, brain and focuses upon the greater aspects of the neuronal activity, expressively and completely within the boundaries of a set parameter of behavioral estimates dictated by psychiatry, neurology and fMRI imaging.[7] Polyvalgal responses are adequate to dictate common terror actions whereby a child afflicted with dissociative amnesia will commonly suffer from boughts of depression, anxiety and loss of attention when direct attention is sought.[5][9][10]

Cause

Dissociative amnesia is caused by environmental design rather than innate to any human genetic populous, and it is controlled by inhuman attendance to basic infant and young child needs.[9][10]

Cranial nerve response

Select cranial nerves serve to dictate responsive amnesia in the form of dissociation, through cranial nerves X, XI and perhaps even cranial nerve II, but according to top researchers, Steven Porges, Ulrich F. Lanius, Sandra L. Paulsen and Frank M. Corrigan, lateral aspects of the cranial nerves are absent from individuals suffering from dissociative amnesia, and even though complex dissociative disorders inhibit psychological misfires, it is a function of norepinephrine and epinephrine to deliver both addictive highs and lows thus directing the brain to respond in such a way that it no longer has self control of the innate and simple functions of the polyvagal brain responses to fight, fright, feign, freeze and most of all faint.[3][11] Within the confines of the cranial nerves section of the lateral aspects of the human skull there are an average of 10,000 electrical signals per second that break down the nerve responses in a way that serves to inhibit cognition, and other occurrence aspects from consciousness. The chemical compound responsible for adjacent hindrance is absolute, but at the same time it is creative, directive and swollen to the point of cognition.[7]

Reaction between cranial nerves X, XI and possibly II occurring in the brain when functions of dissociative amnesia connect with surface neurons.

Treatment

Treatment is innate only to the complex dissociative disorders.[1][2][12]

Psycho-pharmacology

Medication is counter production when used for the treatment with any Dissociative Disorder because while it does aid in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety the drugs mask the feelings needed to heal the disease.[2][4][10][12]

Other types of amnesia

While psychogenic amnesia is basic to the medical science, Dissociative and True Amnesia are basic to the psychological world, that now rather than being a subjective science is given credibility by fMRI imaging in a variety of ways.[1][2][3][8][12][12][13] Dissociative amnesia is caused by environmental design rather than innate to any human genetic populous, and it is controlled by inhuman attendance to basic infant and young child needs.

ISSTD

The [1] International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD) is considered to be the foremost expert on the subject of dissociative disorders, psychological trauma and they are by default the organization that should be referenced in bulk.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Dissociation, 2011; van der Hart, Onno; Nijenhuis, Ellert R. S. (July 2011). "Dissociation in Trauma: A New Definition and Comparison with Previous Formulations". Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 12 (4): 416–445. doi:10.1080/15299732.2011.570592. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has numeric name (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Empirical Reference, 2014; Loewenstein, Richard J.; Spiegel, David; Brand, Bethany L. (June 2014). "Dispelling Myths About Dissociative Identity Disorder Treatment: An Empirically Based Approach". Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes. 77 (2): 169–189. doi:10.1521/psyc.2014.77.2.169. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has numeric name (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f Schore, Alan N. (2014). Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis. ISBN 88-97479-06-5.
  4. ^ a b Reinders, Antje A.T.S.; Willemsen, Antoon T.M.; den Boer, Johan A.; Vos, Herry P.J.; Veltman, Dick J.; Loewenstein, Richard J. (September 2014). "Opposite brain emotion-regulation patterns in identity states of dissociative identity disorder: A PET study and neurobiological model". Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 223 (3): 236–243. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.05.005.
  5. ^ a b c Nijenhuis, Ellert R. S.; van der Hart, Onno (July 2011). "Dissociation in Trauma: A New Definition and Comparison with Previous Formulations". Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 12 (4): 416–445. doi:10.1080/15299732.2011.570592.
  6. ^ APA (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington [etc.]: American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 0-89042-555-8.
  7. ^ a b c Nestler, Eric (2014). Neurobiology of mental illness (4th edition. ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199398461.
  8. ^ a b c Siegel, Daniel (2011). Mindsight: The New Science of Personal Transformation. doi:10.1521/ijgp.2010.60.4.605.
  9. ^ a b fMRI study, 2014; Yennu, Amarnath; Smith-Osborne, Alexa; Gonzalez-Lima, F.; North, Carol S.; Liu, Hanli; Tian, Fenghua (2014). "Prefrontal responses to digit span memory phases in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A functional near infrared spectroscopy study". NeuroImage: Clinical. 4: 808–819. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.05.005. {{cite journal}}: |first1= has numeric name (help)
  10. ^ a b c Schlumpf, Yolanda R.; Reinders, Antje A. T. S.; Nijenhuis, Ellert R. S.; Luechinger, Roger; van Osch, Matthias J. P.; Jäncke, Lutz; Chao, Linda (12 June 2014). "Dissociative Part-Dependent Resting-State Activity in Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Controlled fMRI Perfusion Study". PLoS ONE. 9 (6): e98795. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098795.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ^ Lanius, Ulrich F; Paulsen, Sandra L.; Corrigan, Frank M. (2012). Neurobiology and treatment of traumatic dissociation: towards an embodied self. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-8261-0631-5.
  12. ^ a b c d Dell, Paul (2008). Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM-V and beyond. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-95785-4.
  13. ^ Nijenhuis, Ellert R.S. (April 22, 2015). Trinity of Trauma. Vandehoeck & Rupprecht. p. 635. ISBN 978-3525402474.
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