Fast mapping
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Forming a quick hypotheses about the meaning of a new word, sometimes after only a single exposure, is referred as "fast mapping. For example, in a group of mostly familiar items with one novel item and a novel word, an individual will quickly associate the new word with the novel item. Over time the word's approximate meaning becomes more refined as it is seen in other contexts. Fast mapping is considered an important mechanism in speech/language aquisition in children.