Module:Val/units/sandbox
 | This is the module sandbox page for Module:Val/units (diff). |
 | This Lua module is used on approximately 13,000 pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the module's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own module sandbox. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
The list of Val units is published at Template:Val/list, and here is the place that produces that report. So preview {{Val/list}} from the edit box to see your changes before saving them. The file format and syntax are mostly self explanatory.
- The field separator is two or more spaces.
- You can enter new units in the "Unsorted units" section if you are not sure where else it might go.
- If the same unit code is defined twice on this page, the first one overrides the later one.
- For new entries the style guideline is Wikipedia:UNITS.
- Convert and Val share units. If you have an issue with a unit pagename or a unit symbol, and that unit is not published at Val/list, you may decide to address it at Template talk:Convert. To override entries at Convert, make an entry here.
- If you're not in a hurry, you may notice when editing Val/units that it consists of two Lua string assignments, and Lua comments. Be careful.
Questions or requests related to Val units are welcomed at Template talk:Val. For feedback specifically about the terminology or procedural steps seen on this page, please use the talk page.
Below are the detailed procedures, examples, descriptions of testing and previewing, explanations about sorting Val expressions, and links to helpful pages. There is also further information about Val/Convert relations.
Introduction
An entry defining a unit for Val is a single line under a section heading.[1] It starts with the unit code, followed by at least two spaces and a link. If you are adding a group of related units, you can enter a blank line around them to group them in the report at Val/list. An entry is ignored if it lacks at least two adjacent space characters.
code [[ pagename | symbol ]]
- unit code
- The keyboard typeable name of the symbol that users give Val's
|u=,|ul=,|up=or|upl=parameters.
- Unit codes will be case sensitive.
- Prefer
ufor the Greek letter μ, if you're not sure. - Composite units have dimensions that multiply, divide, and apply powers to component units. Use
.to multiply,/to divide, and a signed digit for powers. For multiplication,*is deprecated. When adding a unit that includes division, consider also adding a version with multiplication by the negated power; for example,m/s2andm.s-2(for m/s2 and m⋅s−2).
- unit pagename
- Title or section of an article. When linked with ul or upl, the title or one of its redirects can expand the abbreviation for the unit.[2]
- unit symbol
- Verifiable, standard symbol, formatted in accordance with WP:UNITS.
- Templates will not work for producing the unit symbol for input to this module; only Wikipedia HTML formatting is accepted.
- Composite units use
⋅to multiply,/to divide, and<sup>...</sup>for powers. Division is also the unit-inversion form that multiplies a negative numbered power, for example for m/s2 and m⋅s−2 (fromm/s2andm.s-2). - If the hover-text just shows the abbreviation, it is not a user-friendly unit-symbol. When not linked, the unit's abbreviation can be spelled out with hover-text at the symbol by way of the title attribute of either
<abbr>...</abbr>or<span>...</span>. - For more about HTML tags and HTML symbols such as
⋅, see Wikipedia:HTML. - For more information about marking up your unit symbol see WP:HTML#formatting.
- Examples of unit codes, and hover text are at Template:Val/list.
- unit code alias
- The same unit/pagename/symbol, but by way of a different unit code.
- Unit code aliases are commonly applied for
- compound units, for example m/s and m⋅s−1.
- Greek letters, to allow for both US keyboard and Greek-character-input applications, for example the SI prefix μ
- Preview page with this template/module
- A feature, similar to a sandbox and testcases, that provides a preview of how the code currently in the edit box (sandbox) will look when applied to any page (testcases).
The preview of main interest is [[Template:Val/list]][3], but previewing other your own page of interest with your newly added unit in a val call and in a sorting table are also part of this procedure.
How to add a unit
To maintain Val units,
- and make your changes.
- Preview Template:Val/list.
- Look for any messages. An "Invalid definition" message is available automatically.
- Prove the intended link from the preview.
- Hover the mouse over the link, and read the hover-text or URL display somewhere in the browser.
- Add any unit-code aliases.
- Add any sorting if needed. Details about sorting are covered below.
- Preview a test page. It will have template Val calls on it, and it may have a sortable table to test sorting.
- Show changes to prove no accidental edits occurred.
- Save the page. Saving the page activates the changes immediately, and they go live. You're done adding your unit.
If you want a unit to add for practice, add one from List of common physics notations, or from SI units#Units and prefixes.
Changing or removing existing unit codes is possible by employing {{Template usage}} to see how Val unit codes may or may not be in use on the wiki. For example, to see about changing or removing unit code J.s, do a
{{tlusage|val|"J.s"|0}}→ hastemplate:"val" insource:/\{\{ *[Vv]al *\|[^}]*"J.s"/ prefix::.
Put any unit code in quotes if it contains dash, dot, or slash—anything but a letter or number.
Examples
Say you're creating a new page or revamping an old page, and discover the need for a convenient way to make several entries containing c0, and link that symbol to the page Speed of light. The following entry will define your unit code as c0, your unit symbol as ''c''<sub>0</sub>, and the unit's article as Speed of light#Numerical value, notation, and units.
c0 [[Speed of light#Numerical value, notation, and unit symbol|''c''<sub>0</sub>]]
or as explained below at § Advanced unit entry formats, you can also write
c0 ''c''<sub>0</sub> Speed of light#Numerical value, notation, and units
Then preview with Template:Val/list, and check for an error message next to the new unit, and test the link you gave.
After that the page with the (saved) Val calls is used to test the linked and non-linked versions of the normal and the per units:
{{val|0.891|u=c0}}→ 0.891 c0{{val|0.891|ul=c0}}→ 0.891 c0{{val|0.891|up=c0}}→ 0.891/c0{{val|0.891|upl=c0}}→ 0.891/c0
For an entire example that uses the other format to make a Val/unit entry.
- Put this in a sandbox:
{{val|1.23|ul=tins}}→ 1.23 tins - Edit Module:Val/units and insert a line like the following (do not save yet):
tins tins Contins unities
- Under "Preview page with this module" enter Template:Val/list, and click Show preview. It shows Val/list through the version of Val/units in the edit box. Say there are no errors, the markup and hover-text look good, and the link navigates to the unit's page.
- Then in the same way of previewing, put the fullpagename of the sandbox from step 1, and click Show preview.
- Save page to save the edit to Module:Val/units.
If you want a unit to add for practice, add one from List of common physics notations, or from SI units#Units and prefixes. There are many examples of composite units that have their own page, so adding a unit code for one of those should link to its page. There are many articles that could use a new Val unit, such as molarity at Resveratrol.
Either of the test pages of these examples could have the sortable test-table shown in the next section.
Testing a new unit
To test a newly added unit not used on any page, you will need to run the preview on a sandbox page you have already created. Here are all the test cases you can preview there before saving your changes here; they are the four |u= parameters:
{{val|9|u = }}
{{val|9|ul = }}
{{val|9|u=foo|up = }}
{{val|9|u=foo|upl = }}
and the sortable table:
{| class="wikitable sortable" summary="Sortable table to test Val sorting"
! Val number and unit
|-
| {{val|5|u= }}
|-
| {{val|3|u= }}
|-
| {{val|1|u= }}
|-
| {{val|2|u= }}
|-
| {{val|4|u= }}
|}
This table falls into place unsorted, so when your unit accepts an SI prefix you can test, say, k, m, and G, with your unit, and compare with e notations 1e3, 1e6, and 1e9 in the number. For example, Val sorts these two as equal: 1e3 m (standard e notation) and 1 km.
- What to look for
- The linked and non-linked markup should look exactly the same.
- Navigate to the new link. It is safe: you can go back in your browser to here.
- The two
|up=versions should have no space in front of them. - For SI prefixes sorting 2e3 (or 2000) should be greater than k (kilo prefix).
Advanced unit-entry format
In the usual format
code [[pagename|symbol]]
the wikilink represents two fields itself, for a total of three fields per entry. But you cannot use a wikilink for composite units that need more than one pagename.
The other record type for adding a unit entry is also three fields. It has the same three fields, but they are in a different order.
code symbol pagename
This format separates each field with whitespace, and also takes tabs between fields two and three.
For a new composite unit you should probably link the whole composition, or link the largest portion which could have its own page.
- The val user can compose a divisor unit on the fly from existing unit codes, and with individually linked numerator and denominator. For example:
- The val user can compose a multiplier unit on the fly by using the
|end=parameter to prepend to the unit, and these can also be individually linked. For example (in geology) there is already 333 14C yr BP to use with|end=:
For example Template:Val/list says
m.s-1 [[Metre per second|m⋅s<sup>−1</sup>]], which links to an article titled Metre per second, notm.s-1 [[Metre|m]]⋅[[Second|s]]<sup>−1</sup>, which has separate links to already existing unit codes.
Fourth field flags
The module must be told directly about sorting factors, spacing, and aliasing for a unit code.
There is an optional field that goes at the end after two or more spaces or one or more tabs. It is a flag mainly used to provide for that unit to be sorted in a table. Flags are mainly for sorting, and they work for either record type. Just add two or more spaces, or one or more tabs, and then the flag field. (Optional flags ALIAS and NOSPACE and ANGLE are for even more advanced users. See §Advanced unit flags below.)
Using SI requires that the unit symbol compare precisely to the unit code, and so never allows HTML or other characters in the symbol. Any difference between the unit symbol and unit code must be an SI prefix, such as k, M, or G.
Sorting
Val's sorting scale factor is for comparison to other Val units that might be sorted with it.
Where Sorting is done on the wiki, it is done in sortable tables.
Val entries in a sortable table will need a fourth field sorting flag. It can be a number, an equation, or SI, but it flags the same function: a wikitable sorting "scale".
To display the sort key use |debug=yes. For example
{{val|999|u=uV|debug=yes}}→ 999 µV{{val|99|u=V|debug=yes}}→ 99 V{{val|1|u=kV|debug=yes}}→ 1 kV
Scale
For scaling a unit to sort properly, you need to pick a number for a sorting factor. There are numerous examples at Template:Val/list. A system of units will have its base units, for example 1 bit; then the scale for sorting a kilobyte unit is then 8000 (eight bits per byte, times a kilo, or thousand). Or a year scale is seconds so that all times sort by seconds, which is a base unit. In general the scale shows to be "base unit" of the same type times the "SI prefix", and if it is not that simple, then the unit system's number has associated a number to it, such as the Avogadro number.
For example, the following defines a unit with code billion, symbol billion, link 1,000,000,000, and scale 1e9 (1×109). After the following entry is saved to the database
billion billion 1,000,000,000 1e9
{{val|2|u=billion}} would start sorting after {{val|98.7|e=3}}.
SI flag
| Prefix | Symbol | Factor | Power |
|---|---|---|---|
| tera | T | 1000000000000 | 1012 |
| giga | G | 1000000000 | 109 |
| mega | M | 1000000 | 106 |
| kilo | k | 1000 | 103 |
| hecto | h | 100 | 102 |
| deca | da | 10 | 101 |
| (none) | (none) | 1 | 100 |
| deci | d | 0.1 | 10−1 |
| centi | c | 0.01 | 10−2 |
| milli | m | 0.001 | 10−3 |
| micro | μ | 0.000001 | 10−6 |
| nano | n | 0.000000001 | 10−9 |
| pico | p | 0.000000000001 | 10−12 |
SI is used because it scales Val expressions automatically, and it is a clean indicator that the unit will sort properly. It correctly scales any SI prefix for sorting, but not other unit codes.
For SI the unit symbol will not accept HTML, but will accept μ. HTML is not accepted at this time because in order to validate the entry, the unit code must differ from the unit symbol by exactly one valid SI prefix. If there is no difference, or too much difference, it is an invalid definition for sorting purposes. The exception is for the Greek letter μ: if you used a character input application to "install" the Greek letter μ in your symbol, for your "easy to type" unit code, u, these two are not a character mismatch.
All unit entries that use SI will have the same base unit as the symbol at Val/units, but they will display properly at Val/list.
For example, kilo is a thousand, but for defining km2 for kilometres squared will need HTML. SI cannot be used with HTML, so use 1000*1000, or 1000000 in the sorting field. Use 1e-6 or 0.000001 or 1/100000 instead.
If the unit you are maintaining has SI prefixes and they are all likely to be sorted in a table, add up to twelve entries, one for each common SI unit. Some of these, such as for metre in the example, may have their own article, but usually all go to the base unit's pagename. Here are the definitions for metre and some of it multiples.
m [[Metre|m]] SI cm [[Centimetre|m]] SI dam [[Decametre|m]] SI dm [[Decimetre|m]] SI hm [[Hectometre|m]] SI km [[Kilometre|m]] SI Mm [[Megametre|m]] SI mm [[Millimetre|m]] SI um [[Micrometre|µm]] 1/1000000 µm [[Micrometre|m]] SI nm [[Nanometre|m]] SI pm [[Picometre|m]] SI
The information that was in the unit symbol is now fully specified in, and exhibited at, the unit code. SI specifies that the unit's symbol has been transformed from a symbol to a string for use in string comparison that will finally result in calculating a sorting factor. It conveniently uses the idea that the unit code is often equal to the symbol, especially with SI units. The field definitions are sacrificed for a simplicity in the user presentation, user calculation, and user entry.
In the other format, the following defines three unit codes for volts, V for sorting. V is the base unit with the SI prefix removed. A unit code defined in this manner will have its sort key scaled by the software according to the SI prefix produced by the difference between the unit code and unit symbol.
kV V Kilovolt SIµV V Microvolt SIuV V Microvolt SI
Now {{val|1|u=kV}} will sort after {{val|999|u=V}} without having to resort to using a number, and with the clean representation at Val/list.
The symbol column shows "V" for each, but it is not the symbol—it is the base unit after removing the SI prefix so convert can work out what is intended to be the prefix. The following would give identical results:
kV kV Kilovolt 1e3µV µV Microvolt 1e-6uV µV Microvolt 1e-6
As you can see, without "SI", you define both the symbol, and the scale. You define the symbol with HTML or the Greek letter or other symbol, and you define the scale with a number or an equation. When "SI" is used, convert just does the right thing for the symbol and scale.
Alias a Convert unit
If you are here to change the link or markup of a unit, but it is not listed at Val/units, sometimes you can find the unit markup and link that you do want, already existing at Template:Convert#Units. In that case you can change the unit code to whatever you'd prefer, and it will achieve your goal. For example, if {{Val|1|C}} is going to Celsius instead of to coulomb, you can define your own unit code, say "degC".
The following defines degC to refer to the unit known as °C in convert. There is no link because a link is defined at Convert.
degC °C ALIAS
File format
If you want to reorganize sections here, note that the two lines local builtin_units and local builtin_units_long_scale require a blank line after them. The section long scale, with all the units like "billions" and "trillions", is under the latter, near the bottom of the page. All the rest of the units are in the former.
The file format is two Lua strings and a return statement with them in it: a string in quotes [=[ ... builtin_units ... ]=], and another string in quotes [=[ ... builtin_units_long_scale ... ]=]. The first string, builtin_units, is short-scale, second string is long scale. The reason there are two strings is because of the difference between British and US terms surrounding "billion", "billionth", etc.
For each string there must be a blank line before the first line of the string and after the last line of the string. In other words the first two and last two characters of each string must be newlines.
There is one record per line, starting in first column, having 2–4 fields. The field separator is two or more spaces. Between first and second fields, use two or more spaces. Between all other fields, use two or more spaces, or one or more tabs. Entries without two spaces in them are ignored.
Advanced unit flags
You can alias Convert or Val units. But these are different things.
- A "unit code alias" is when the same unit pagename and unit symbol are defined twice. If a different unit code is assigned to the same unit symbol and unit pagename, (say, as a copy of the previous entry) it will work as a Val alias.
- A "unit alias" is when Val alias a Convert unit code. A unit of measurement is here denoted ALIAS to mean "they are defined there". Val defaults to Convert, but it is good to be this explicit for certain Val units: the ones that may be tempting to define here, but that you don't want defined here because, says ALIAS, they are already defined there.
- If your unit code is not listed at {{Val/list}}, you can check for it at {{Convert#Units}}
For spacing and aliasing:
ALIASspecifies that the unit's symbol is the code for a unit defined in {{convert}}}.NOSPACEprevents the default insertion of a non-breaking space before the unit symbol.- If you see the
ANGLEflag, this identifies those special units that must displayed not only after the main Val number, but also after its uncertainty#Measurements numbers. (ANGLEalso impliesNOSPACE.)
Interaction with Convert
Val and Convert share unit codes, but their units of measurement are different.
- Most of the wiki's unit codes are managed by {{Convert}}.
- Some very few unit codes here, like C and F, mean something different there. Val caters to Coulombs and Farads, while Convert caters to Celsius and Fahrenheit. Convert and Val unit codes are mostly identical, like they are for
degCand fordegF. - Val could need any unit, while not all units are needed in conversions, so Val needs all of Convert's units and some of its own.
- Sorting functionality is handled for Val by {{convert}}.)
- At Convert the procedure for defining a unit is much more involved than it is here, because there every unit defined must reference associated units, conversion factors, alternate spellings, and many other attributes. An entry at Convert is defined as a multi-line, multi-attribute Lua table with its attendant syntax, and inside a larger Lua script. Therefore Convert is more conservative about adding units. Val may be more liberal in this respect if only because unit entry is simpler and "wikified". Therefore WP:Be bold. Bold customization may be a worthwhile risk at Val/units, or it may get removed. Although units used in articles have definite stylistic standards, there remains room for depending on Val for markup (but see WP:Accessibility about color, link, and text). You may want to customize some Val unit codes that will automate some Val markup for special articles, the talk page, etc. See WP:HTML#formatting for possibilities.
Notes
- ^ Module pages don't have section editing.
- ^ A redirect page is easy to make; there are tools on the editor toolbars.
- ^ The special relation between Val/units and Val/list is that the wikitext of Val/list is always generated by Val/units when that page is viewed, so when you preview page with this module, Val/list is generated using the contents of the edit box of Val/units.
See also
-- Definitions for units known to val (short scale; see below for long scale).
-- There must be two or more spaces (not tab characters) after the first column,
-- and two spaces (or one or more tab characters) between columns.
-- Lines which do not have two spaces are ignored.
-- There must be a blank line before the first unit and after the last.
-- Unit code Symbol Link Flags/Scale
local builtin_units = [=[
== Test ==
Foo [[Hz|<samp>Foo</samp>]]
Baz [[Hertz|baz<sub>0</sub>]]
Bar bar<abbr title="super duper">0</abbr> Foobar
== Unsorted units ==
c0 ''c''<sub>0</sub> Speed of light#Numerical value, notation, and units
lbf <span title="pound-force">lb<sub>F</sub></span> Pound (force)
lbf lb<sub>F</sub> Pound (force)
C/mol C/mol Faraday constant
C.mol-1 C⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> Faraday constant
C/kg C/kg Roentgen (unit)
C.kg-1 C⋅kg<sup>−1</sup> Roentgen (unit)
F.m-1 F⋅m<sup>−1</sup> vacuum permittivity
F/m F/m vacuum permittivity
e ''e'' Elementary charge
== Time and frequency ==
byte byte Byte 8
byte/s byte/s Bytes per second 8
kB/s kB/s Bytes per second 8e3
MB/s MB/s Bytes per second 8e6
GB/s GB/s Bytes per second 8e9
TB/s TB/s Bytes per second 8e12
bit/s bit/s Bit per second 1
bps bit/s Bit per second 1
kbit/s kbit/s Kilobit per second 1e3
Mbit/s Mbit/s Megabit per second 1e6
Gbit/s Gbit/s Gigabit per second 1e9
Tbit/s Tbit/s Terabit per second 1e12
year year Year 31557600
years years Year 31557600
yr yr Year#Symbols y and yr 31557600
y y Year 31557600
a a Annum 31557600
Ga Ga Gigaannum 31557600000000000
Ma Ma Megaannum 31557600000000
ka ka Kiloannum 31557600000
kyr kyr kyr 31557600000
kya kya kyr 31557600000
myr myr myr 31557600000000
mya mya Mya (unit) 31557600000000
byr byr Billion years 31557600000000000
bya bya Billion years ago 31557600000000000
Gyr Ga Year#SI prefix multipliers 31557600000000000
BP BP Before present
uBP <sup>14</sup>C yr BP Radiocarbon dating#Calibration
BC BC Before Christ -1
AD AD Anno Domini 1
BCE BCE Before the Common Era -1
CE CE Common Era 1
s-1 s<sup>−1</sup> Second
s-2 s<sup>−2</sup> Second
s2 s<sup>2</sup> Second
s s Second SI
as s Attosecond SI
cs s Second SI
das s Second SI
ds s Second SI
Es s Second SI
fs s Femtosecond SI
Gs s Second SI
hs s Second SI
ks s Second SI
ms s Millisecond SI
µs s Microsecond SI
mus s Microsecond SI
Ms s Second SI
ns s Nanosecond SI
ps s Picosecond SI
Ps s Second SI
Ts s Second SI
Ys s Second SI
ys s Yoctosecond SI
Zs s Second SI
zs s Zeptosecond SI
Hz Hz Hertz SI
aHz Hz Hertz SI
cHz Hz Hertz SI
daHz Hz Hertz SI
dHz Hz Hertz SI
EHz Hz Hertz SI
fHz Hz Hertz SI
hHz Hz Hertz SI
GHz Hz Gigahertz SI
kHz Hz Kilohertz SI
MHz Hz Megahertz SI
mHz Hz Hertz SI
muHz Hz Hertz SI
µHz Hz Hertz SI
nHz Hz Hertz SI
pHz Hz Hertz SI
PHz Hz Hertz SI
THz Hz Hertz SI
yHz Hz Hertz SI
YHz Hz Hertz SI
zHz Hz Hertz SI
ZHz Hz Hertz SI
== Length, area, volume ==
fb-1 fb<sup>−1</sup> Barn (unit)
mas mas Milliarcsecond pi/648000000
m-1 m<sup>−1</sup> Metre
m-2 m<sup>−2</sup> Square metre
m-3 m<sup>−3</sup> Cubic metre
km2 km<sup>2</sup> Square kilometre
km3 km<sup>3</sup> Cubic kilometre
m m Metre
meter m Metre
metre m Metre
am am Metre
cm cm Centimetre
dam dam Decametre
dm dm Decimetre
Em Em Metre
fm fm Metre
Gm Gm Metre
hm hm Hectometre
km km Kilometre
Mm Mm Megametre
mm mm Millimetre
mum µm Micrometre
µm µm Micrometre
nm nm Nanometre
Pm Pm Metre
pm pm Picometre
Tm Tm Metre
Ym Ym Metre
ym ym Metre
Zm Zm Metre
zm zm Metre
µm2 µm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
am2 am<sup>2</sup> Square metre
cm2 cm<sup>2</sup> Square centimetre
dam2 dam<sup>2</sup> Square metre
dm2 dm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
Em2 Em<sup>2</sup> Square metre
fm2 fm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
Gm2 Gm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
hm2 hm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
mm2 mm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
Mm2 Mm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
nm2 nm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
pm2 pm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
Pm2 Pm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
Tm2 Tm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
ym2 ym<sup>2</sup> Square metre
Ym2 Ym<sup>2</sup> Square metre
zm2 zm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
Zm2 Zm<sup>2</sup> Square metre
gal gal Gallon
Gal Gal Gal (unit)
muGal µGal Gal (unit)
µGal µGal Gal (unit)
mGal mGal Gal (unit)
== Velocity and acceleration ==
m/s2 m/s<sup>2</sup> Metre per second squared
m.s-2 m⋅s<sup>−2</sup> Metre per second squared
m/s m/s Metre per second
m.s-1 m⋅s<sup>−1</sup> Metre per second
== Mass and energy ==
lbm <span title="pound-mass">lb<sub>m</sub></span> Pound (mass)
muJ µJ Joule
J.s J⋅s Joule-second
kWh kWh Kilowatt hour
kW.h kW⋅h Kilowatt hour
kW·h kW⋅h Kilowatt hour
J/C J/C Volt
J/kg J/kg Joule
g g Gram SI
ag g Attogram SI
cg g Centigram SI
dag g Gram SI
dg g Decigram SI
Eg g Exagram SI
fg g Femtogram SI
Gg g Gigagram SI
hg g Hectogram SI
kg g Kilogram SI
mcg g Microgram SI
Mg g Megagram SI
mg g Milligram SI
mug g Microgram SI
µg g Microgram SI
ng g Nanogram SI
Pg g Petagram SI
pg g Picogram SI
Tg g Tonne SI
yg g Yoctogram SI
Yg g Yottagram SI
zg g Zeptogram SI
Zg g Zettagram SI
== Pressure and density ==
psi psi Pounds per square inch
g/cm3 g/cm<sup>3</sup> Gram per cubic centimetre
kg/m3 kg/m<sup>3</sup> Kilogram per cubic metre
kg/cm3 kg/cm<sup>3</sup> Density#Formula and common units
g/L g/L Gram per litre
g/l g/L Gram per litre
mcg/dL µg/dL Gram per litre
mcg/dl µg/dL Gram per litre
mg/mL mg/mL Gram per litre
mg/ml mg/mL Gram per litre
mug/dL µg/dL Gram per litre
mug/dl µg/dL Gram per litre
μg/dL μg/dL Gram per litre
μg/dl μg/dL Gram per litre
mg/Ll mg/dL Gram per litre
mg/l [[Gram per litre|<abbr title="milligrams per liter">mg/L</abbr>]]
mg/L [[Gram per litre|<abbr title="milligrams per liter">mg/L</abbr>]]
mgl-1 [[Gram per litre|<abbr title="milligrams per liter">mg/L</abbr>]]
mgL-1 [[Gram per litre|<abbr title="milligrams per liter">mg/L</abbr>]]
== Temperature ==
degC °C ALIAS
degF °F ALIAS
degR °R ALIAS
K K Kelvin SI
YK K Yottakelvin SI
ZK K Zettakelvin SI
EK K Kelvin SI
PK K Petakelvin SI
TK K Terakelvin SI
GK K Gigakelvin SI
MK K Megakelvin SI
kK K Kilokelvin SI
hK K Hectokelvin SI
daK K Decakelvin SI
dK K Decikelvin SI
cK K Centikelvin SI
mK K Millikelvin SI
µK K Microkelvin SI
uK K Microkelvin SI
nK K Nanokelvin SI
pK K Picokelvin SI
fK K Femtokelvin SI
aK K Attokelvin SI
zK K Zeptokelvin SI
yK K Yoctokelvin SI
== Electromagnetism ==
Wb Wb Weber (unit)
N.A-2 N⋅A<sup>−2</sup> Permeability (electromagnetism)
H.m-1 H·m<sup>−1</sup> Permeability (electromagnetism)
V/m V/m Electric field
V.m-1 V⋅m<sup>−1</sup> Electric field
C C Coulomb SI
YC C Coulomb SI
ZC C Coulomb SI
EC C Coulomb SI
PC C Coulomb SI
TC C Coulomb SI
GC C Coulomb SI
MC C Coulomb SI
kC C Coulomb SI
hC C Coulomb SI
daC C Coulomb SI
dC C Coulomb SI
cC C Coulomb SI
mC C Coulomb SI
µC C Coulomb SI
uC C Coulomb SI
nC C Coulomb SI
pC C Coulomb SI
fC C Coulomb SI
aC C Coulomb SI
zC C Coulomb SI
yC C Coulomb SI
F F Farad SI
YF F Farad SI
ZF F Farad SI
EF F Farad SI
PF F Farad SI
TF F Farad SI
GF F Farad SI
MF F Farad SI
kF F Farad SI
hF F Farad SI
daF F Farad SI
dF F Farad SI
cF F Farad SI
mF F Farad SI
µF F Farad SI
uF F Farad SI
nF F Farad SI
pF F Farad SI
fF F Farad SI
aF F Farad SI
zF F Farad SI
yF F Farad SI
H H Henry (unit) SI
YH H Henry (unit) SI
ZH H Henry (unit) SI
EH H Henry (unit) SI
PH H Henry (unit) SI
TH H Henry (unit) SI
GH H Henry (unit) SI
MH H Henry (unit) SI
kH H Henry (unit) SI
hH H Henry (unit) SI
daH H Henry (unit) SI
dH H Henry (unit) SI
cH H Henry (unit) SI
mH H Henry (unit) SI
µH H Henry (unit) SI
uH H Henry (unit) SI
nH H Henry (unit) SI
pH H Henry (unit) SI
fH H Henry (unit) SI
aH H Henry (unit) SI
zH H Henry (unit) SI
yH H Henry (unit) SI
A A Ampere SI
YA A Ampere SI
ZA A Ampere SI
EA A Ampere SI
PA A Ampere SI
TA A Ampere SI
GA A Ampere SI
MA A Ampere SI
kA A Ampere SI
hA A Ampere SI
daA A Ampere SI
dA A Ampere SI
cA A Ampere SI
mA A Ampere SI
µA A Ampere SI
uA A Ampere SI
nA A Ampere SI
pA A Ampere SI
fA A Ampere SI
aA A Ampere SI
zA A Ampere SI
yA A Ampere SI
V V Volt SI
YV V Volt SI
ZV V Volt SI
EV V Volt SI
PV V Volt SI
TV V Volt SI
GV V Volt SI
MV V Volt SI
kV V Volt SI
hV V Volt SI
daV V Volt SI
dV V Volt SI
cV V Volt SI
mV V Volt SI
µV V Volt SI
uV V Volt SI
nV V Volt SI
pV V Volt SI
fV V Volt SI
aV V Volt SI
zV V Volt SI
yV V Volt SI
R R Rayleigh (unit) SI
G G Gauss (unit) SI
aG G Attogauss SI
cG G Centigauss SI
daG G Decagauss SI
dG G Decigauss SI
EG G Exagauss SI
fG G Femtogauss SI
GG G Gigagauss SI
hG G Hectogauss SI
kG G Kilogauss SI
MG G Megagauss SI
mG G Milligauss SI
muG G Microgauss SI
µG G Microgauss SI
nG G Nanogauss SI
PG G Petagauss SI
pG G Picogauss SI
TG G Teragauss SI
yG G Yoctogauss SI
YG G Yottagauss SI
zG G Zeptogauss SI
ZG G Zettagauss SI
T T Tesla (unit) SI
aT T Attotesla SI
cT T Centitesla SI
daT T Decatesla SI
dT T Decitesla SI
ET T Exatesla SI
fT T Femtotesla SI
GT T Gigatesla SI
hT T Hectotesla SI
kT T Kilotesla SI
MT T Megatesla SI
mT T Millitesla SI
muT T Microtesla SI
µT T Microtesla SI
nT T Nanotesla SI
PT T Petatesla SI
pT T Picotesla SI
TT T Teratesla SI
yT T Yoctotesla SI
YT T Yottatesla SI
zT T Zeptotesla SI
ZT T Zettatesla SI
== Astrophysics ==
au au Astronomical unit
c ''c'' Speed of light
ly ly Light-year
Earth mass ''M''<sub>⊕</sub> Earth mass
Earth radius ''R''<sub>⊕</sub> Earth radius
M_Earth ''M''<sub>⊕</sub> Earth mass
R_Earth ''R''<sub>⊕</sub> Earth radius
Jupiter mass ''M''<sub>J</sub> Jupiter mass
Jupiter radius ''R''<sub>J</sub> Jupiter radius
M_Jupiter ''M''<sub>J</sub> Jupiter mass
R_Jupiter ''R''<sub>J</sub> Jupiter radius
Solar mass ''M''<sub>☉</sub> Solar mass
solar mass ''M''<sub>☉</sub> Solar mass
M_Solar ''M''<sub>☉</sub> Solar mass
M_solar ''M''<sub>☉</sub> Solar mass
R_Solar ''R''<sub>☉</sub> Solar radius
R_solar ''R''<sub>☉</sub> Solar radius
Solar radius ''R''<sub>☉</sub> Solar radius
solar radius ''R''<sub>☉</sub> Solar radius
Solar luminosity ''L''<sub>☉</sub> Solar luminosity
solar luminosity ''L''<sub>☉</sub> Solar luminosity
L_solar ''L''<sub>☉</sub> Solar luminosity
L_Solar ''L''<sub>☉</sub> Solar luminosity
pc2 pc<sup>2</sup> Parsec
pc3 pc<sup>3</sup> Parsec
kpc2 kpc<sup>2</sup> Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs
kpc3 kpc<sup>3</sup> Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs
kpc kpc Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs
Mpc2 Mpc<sup>2</sup> Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs
Mpc3 Mpc<sup>3</sup> Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs
Mpc Mpc Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs
Gpc2 Gpc<sup>2</sup> Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs
Gpc3 Gpc<sup>3</sup> Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs
Gpc Gpc Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs
== Nuclear Physics and Chemistry ==
cm-1 cm<sup>−1</sup> Wavenumber
u u Atomic mass unit
osmol osmol Osmole (unit)
Osm Osm Osmole (unit)
M [[Molarity|M]]
TM [[Molarity|TM]] SI
GM [[Molarity|GM]] SI
MM [[Molarity|MM]] SI
kM [[Molarity|kM]] SI
hM [[Molarity|hM]] SI
daM [[Molarity|daM]] SI
dM [[Molarity|dM]] SI
cM [[Molarity|cM]] SI
mM [[Molarity|mM]] SI
uM [[Molarity|µM]] 1e-6
nM [[Molarity|nM]] SI
pM [[Molarity|pM]] SI
kg/mol kg/mol Molar mass
kg.mol-1 kg⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> Molar mass
g/mol g/mol Molar mass
g.mol-1 g⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> Molar mass
eV/c2 eV/''c''<sup>2</sup> Electronvolt#Mass
keV/c2 keV/''c''<sup>2</sup> Electronvolt#Mass
MeV/c2 MeV/''c''<sup>2</sup> Electronvolt#Mass
GeV/c2 GeV/''c''<sup>2</sup> Electronvolt#Mass
TeV/c2 TeV/''c''<sup>2</sup> Electronvolt#Mass
µN µ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br />N</span> Nuclear magneton
µB µ<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br />B</span> Bohr magneton
eV eV Electronvolt
mev meV Electronvolt
keV keV Electronvolt
MeV MeV Electronvolt
GeV GeV Electronvolt
TeV TeV Electronvolt
J/mol J/mol Joule per mole
J.mol-1 J⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> Joule per mole
kJ.mol-1 kJ⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> Joule per mole
kJ/mol kJ/mol Joule per mole
MJ.mol-1 MJ⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> Joule per mole
MJ/mol MJ/mol Joule per mole
GJ/mol GJ/mol Joule per mole
GJ.mol-1 GJ⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> Joule per mole
TJ.mol-1 TJ⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> Joule per mole
TJ/mol TJ/mol Joule per mole
== Numbers and phrases ==
pp pp Page (paper)
ppb ppb Parts per billion 1e-9
ppm ppm Parts per million 1e-6
billiard billiard Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1015 1e15
billion billion 1,000,000,000 1e9
billionth billionth 1,000,000,000 1e-9
billionths billionths 1,000,000,000 1e-9
decilliard decilliard Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1063 1e63
decillion decillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1033 1e33
decillionth decillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1033 1e-33
decillionths decillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1033 1e-33
milliard milliard 1,000,000,000 1e9
million million Million 1e6
millionth millionth Million 1e-6
millionths millionths Million 1e-6
nonilliard nonilliard Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1057 1e57
nonillion nonillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1030 1e30
nonillionth nonillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1030 1e-30
nonillionths nonillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1030 1e-30
octilliard octilliard Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1051 1e51
octillion octillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1027 1e27
octillionth octillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1027 1e-27
octillionths octillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1027 1e-27
quadrilliard quadrilliard Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1027 1e27
quadrillion quadrillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1015 1e15
quadrillionth quadrillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1015 1e-15
quadrillionths quadrillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1015 1e-15
quintilliard quintilliard Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1033 1e33
quintillion quintillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1018 1e18
quintillionth quintillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1018 1e-18
quintillionths quintillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1018 1e-18
septilliard septilliard Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1045 1e45
septillion septillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1024 1e24
septillionth septillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1024 1e-24
septillionths septillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1024 1e-24
sextilliard sextilliard Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1039 1e39
sextillion sextillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1021 1e21
sextillionth sextillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1021 1e-21
sextillionths sextillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1021 1e-21
trilliard trilliard Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1021 1e21
trillion trillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012 1e12
trillionth trillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012 1e-12
trillionths trillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012 1e-12
== Angles ==
% % Percent ANGLE 0.01
percent % Percent ANGLE 0.01
per cent % Percent ANGLE 0.01
‰ ‰ Per mil ANGLE 1e-3
per mil ‰ Per mil ANGLE 1e-3
per mill ‰ Per mil ANGLE 1e-3
per mille ‰ Per mil ANGLE 1e-3
permil ‰ Per mil ANGLE 1e-3
permill ‰ Per mil ANGLE 1e-3
permille ‰ Per mil ANGLE 1e-3
° ° Degree (angle) ANGLE pi/180
deg ° Degree (angle) ANGLE pi/180
' ′ Minute of arc ANGLE pi/10800
′ ′ Minute of arc ANGLE pi/10800
arcmin ′ Minute of arc ANGLE pi/10800
arcminute ′ Minute of arc ANGLE pi/10800
" ″ Second of arc ANGLE pi/648000
″ ″ Second of arc ANGLE pi/648000
arcsec ″ Second of arc ANGLE pi/648000
arcsecond ″ Second of arc ANGLE pi/648000
]=]
-- If val has "|long scale=on" the following definitions are used
-- (then, if not found here, the normal definitions are used).
-- Unit code Symbol Link Flags/Scale
local builtin_units_long_scale = [=[
== Long scale numbers and phrases ==
billion billion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012 1e12
billionth billionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012 1e-12
billionths billionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012 1e-12
decillion decillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1060 1e60
decillionth decillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1060 1e-60
decillionths decillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1060 1e-60
nonillion nonillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1054 1e54
nonillionth nonillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1054 1e-54
nonillionths nonillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1054 1e-54
octillion octillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1048 1e48
octillionth octillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1048 1e-48
octillionths octillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1048 1e-48
quadrillion quadrillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1024 1e24
quadrillionth quadrillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1024 1e-24
quadrillionths quadrillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1024 1e-24
quintillion quintillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1030 1e30
quintillionth quintillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1030 1e-30
quintillionths quintillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1030 1e-30
septillion septillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1042 1e42
septillionth septillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1042 1e-42
septillionths septillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1042 1e-42
sextillion sextillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1036 1e36
sextillionth sextillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1036 1e-36
sextillionths sextillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1036 1e-36
trillion trillion Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1018 1e18
trillionth trillionth Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1018 1e-18
trillionths trillionths Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1018 1e-18
]=]
return { builtin_units = builtin_units, builtin_units_long_scale = builtin_units_long_scale }