Jump to content

URI scheme

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by User26954344524345 (talk | contribs) at 10:22, 8 February 2015 (→External links: Changed link to W3C's wiki to HTTPS one.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

A URI scheme is the top level of the uniform resource identifier (URI) naming structure in computer networking. All URIs and absolute URI references are formed with a scheme name, followed by a colon character (":"), and the remainder of the URI called (in the outdated RFCs 1738 and 2396, but not the current STD 66/RFC 3986) the scheme-specific part. The syntax and semantics of the scheme-specific part are left largely to the specifications governing individual schemes, subject to certain constraints such as reserved characters and how to "escape" them.

URI schemes are frequently and incorrectly referred to as "protocols", or specifically as URI protocols or URL protocols, since most were originally designed to be used with a particular protocol, and often have the same name. The http scheme, for instance, is generally used for interacting with web resources using HyperText Transfer Protocol. Today, URIs with that scheme are also used for other purposes, such as RDF resource identifiers and XML namespaces, that are not related to the protocol. Furthermore, some URI schemes are not associated with any specific protocol (e.g. "file") and many others do not use the name of a protocol as their prefix (e.g. "news").

URI schemes should be registered with IANA, although non-registered schemes are used in practice. RFC 4395 describes the procedures for registering new URI schemes.

Generic syntax

Internet standard STD 66 (also RFC 3986) defines the generic syntax to be used in all URI schemes. Every URI is defined as consisting of four parts, as follows: 

<scheme name> : <hierarchical part> [ ? <query> ] [ # <fragment> ]

The scheme name consists of a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus ("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-"). Although schemes are case-insensitive, the canonical form is lowercase and documents that specify schemes must do so with lowercase letters. The scheme name is followed by a colon (":").

The hierarchical part of the URI is intended to hold identification information hierarchical in nature. If this part begins with a double forward slash ("//"), it is followed by an authority part and a path. If the hierarchical part doesn't begin with ("//") it contains only a path.

  • The authority part holds an optional user-information part, terminated with "@" (e.g. username:password@); a hostname (e.g., domain name or IP address); and an optional port number, preceded by a colon ":".
  • The path part, if present, may optionally begin with a single forward slash ("/"). It may not begin with two slash characters ("//"). The path is a sequence of segments (conceptually similar to directories, though not necessarily representing them) separated by a forward slash ("/"). Historically, each segment was specified to contain parameters separated from it using a semicolon (";"), though this was rarely used in practice and current specifications allow but no longer specify such semantics.

The query is an optional part, separated by a question mark ("?"), that contains additional identification information that is not hierarchical in nature. The syntax of the query string is not well defined; however by convention it is most often a sequence of <key>=<value> pairs separated by a semicolon[1][2][3] or an ampersand. For example: 

Semicolon: key1=value1;key2=value2;key3=value3
Ampersand: key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3

The fragment is an optional part separated from the front parts by a hash ("#"). It holds additional identifying information that provides direction to a secondary resource, e.g., a section heading (in an article) identified by the remainder of the URI. When the primary resource is an HTML document, the fragment is often an id attribute of a specific element and web browsers will make sure this element is visible.

Examples

The following figure displays two example URIs (foo://username:password@example.com:8042/over/there/index.dtb?type=animal&name=narwhal#nose and urn:example:animal:ferret:nose) and their component parts. (The examples are derived from RFC 3986 — STD 66, chapter 3). 

  foo://username:password@example.com:8042/over/there/index.dtb?type=animal&name=narwhal#nose
  \_/   \_______________/ \_________/ \__/            \___/ \_/ \______________________/ \__/
   |           |               |       |                |    |            |                |
   |       userinfo           host    port              |    |          query          fragment
   |    \________________________________/\_____________|____|/ \__/        \__/
 scheme                 |                          |    |    |    |          |
  name              authority                      |    |    |    |          |
   |                                             path   |    |    interpretable as keys
   |                                                    |    |
   |    \_______________________________________________|____|/       \____/     \_____/
   |                         |                          |    |          |           |
 scheme              hierarchical part                  |    |    interpretable as values
  name                                                  |    |
   |            path               interpretable as filename |
   |   ___________|____________                              |
  / \ /                        \                             |
  urn:example:animal:ferret:nose               interpretable as extension

                path
         _________|________
 scheme /                  \
  name  userinfo  hostname       query
  _|__   ___|__   ____|____   _____|_____
 /    \ /      \ /         \ /           \
 mailto:username@example.com?subject=Topic

Official IANA-registered schemes

The official URI schemes registered with the IANA are as follows (note that "IETF Draft" in no way is a finalized specification and must not be treated so; refer to Section 2.2 of RFC 2026 for more details):

Scheme Purpose Status Defined by General format Notes
aaa
aaas 		Diameter Protocol Permanent RFC 3588
RFC 6733 		aaa[s]://<host>[:<port>][;transport=<transport>][;protocol=<protocol>]

example:
aaa://host.example.com:1813;transport=udp;protocol=radius

about Displaying product information and internal information Permanent RFC 6694 See about URI scheme for more details. Widely used by web browsers, sometimes even providing interactive resources. Individual vendors modify this scheme: for instance, the Opera web browser forwards to their opera: scheme instead and Chrome uses chrome:.
acap Application Configuration Access Protocol Permanent RFC 2244 acap://[<user>[;AUTH=<type>]@]<host>[:<port>]/<entry> URL scheme used within the ACAP protocol for the "subdataset" attribute, referrals and inheritance
acct Identifying user account Permanent IETF Draft
acr Anonymous Customer Reference Provisional IANA registration template
Open Mobile Alliance
adiumxtra Direct installation of Adium Xtras (plugins). Provisional IANA registration template
The Adium Team 		adiumxtra://www.adiumxtras.com/download/0000 0000 refers to a specific Xtra
afp Accessing Apple Filing Protocol shares Provisional IANA registration template
IETF Draft 		over TCP/IP: afp://[<user>@]<host>[:<port>][/[<path>]]

over AppleTalk: afp:/at/[<user>@]<host>[:<zone>][/]

afs Andrew File System global file names Provisional RFC 1738
aim Controlling AOL Instant Messenger. Provisional IANA registration template
AOL 		aim:<function>?<parameters> Functions include goim, addbuddy, and buddyicon.
app URL scheme can be used by packaged applications to obtain resources that are inside a container. Google app://<application>/<path>

example: app://com.foo.bar/index.html

See more information on: [1] [2]
apt Experimental method of installing software using APT. Provisional IANA registration template apt:<package name> Commonly found on websites which contain Debian software repositories.
attachment Attaching resources to MHTML pages Provisional IANA registration template attachment:/<resource number>/<filename> Opera-specific
aw Link to an Active Worlds world Provisional IANA registration template
Activeworlds Inc. 		aw://<worldserver host>:<worldserver port>/<worldname> Mostly found in HTTP referers when users open a website from within an Active Worlds world.
barion Send e-money to a Barion e-money wallet Provisional IANA registration template
Barion URI scheme 		barion:<target>[?[amount=<amount>][&][currency=<currency>][&][comment=<comment>][&][sender=<sender>][&][type=purchase|charity|p2p]] Used by Barion mobile apps.
beshare Open a search query on a BeShare server Provisional IANA registration template
BeShare source code 		beshare://<servername>/<query> Mostly used internally, with variants.
bitcoin Send money to a Bitcoin address Provisional IANA registration template
Bitcoin URI Scheme 		bitcoin:<address>[?[amount=<size>][&][label=<label>][&][message=<message>]]
bolo Join an existing bolo game. Provisional IANA registration template bolo://<hostname>/ Mostly passed via IRC or via tracker servers.
callto Launching Skype call (+And in Hungary the KLIP Software call too) (see also skype:) Provisional IANA registration template
old version of IETF Draft 		callto:<screenname> or
callto:<phonenumber> [3] 		Introduced with Microsoft NetMeeting. Works with current version of Skype with Internet Explorer, Opera and Safari
cap Calendar access protocol Permanent RFC 4324 generic syntax URL scheme used to designate both calendar stores and calendars accessible using the CAP protocol
chrome Specifies user interfaces built using XUL in Mozilla-based browsers. Provisional IANA registration template
Mozilla 		chrome://<package>/<section>/<path> (Where <section> is either "content", "skin" or "locale") Works only in Mozilla-based browsers such as Firefox, SeaMonkey and Netscape. Not related to the Google Chrome browser.
chrome Used for the management of Google Chrome's settings. In contrast with other browsers, its preferences appear as web-pages instead of dialog boxes. Provisional IANA registration template
Google 		chrome://<settings>/<path>/[<specificSetting>] Works only in Google Chrome.
chrome-extension Manage the settings of extensions which have been installed. Provisional IANA registration template
Google 		chrome-extension://<extensionID>/<pageName>.html (Where <extensionID> is the ID given to the extension by "Chrome Web Store" and <pageName> is the location of an HTML page) Works only in Google Chrome.
com-eventbrite-attendee Provisional IANA registration template
cid Referencing individual parts of an SMTP/MIME message Permanent RFC 2111
RFC 2392 		cid:<content-id> e.g. referencing an attached image within a formatted e-mail. (See also mid:)
coap
coaps 		Constrained Application Protocol Permanent RFC 7252 coap[s]://<host>[:<port>]/<path>[?<query>] Identify CoAP resources and provide a means of locating the resource.
content Accessing an Android content provider. Provisional IANA registration template
Open Handset Alliance 		content://provider/<path> Performs a query on an Android Content Provider
crid TV-Anytime Content Reference Identifier Permanent RFC 4078 crid://<host>/<data> Allow references to scheduled publications of broadcast media content.
cvs Provides a link to a Concurrent Versions System (CVS) Repository Provisional IANA registration template
Concurrent Versions System 		cvs://<method:logindetails>@<repository>/<modulepath>;[date=date to retrieve | tag=tag to retrieve]
data Inclusion of small data items inline Permanent RFC 2397 data:<mediatype>[;base64],<data>
dav HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring (WebDAV) Permanent RFC 2518
RFC 4918 		dav: Used for internal identifiers only; WebDAV itself addresses resources using the http: and https: schemes. [4]
dict Dictionary service protocol Permanent RFC 2229 dict://<user>;<auth>@<host>:<port>/d:<word>:<database>:<n>

dict://<user>;<auth>@<host>:<port>/m:<word>:<database>:<strat>:<n>

refer to definitions or word lists available using the DICT protocol
dlna-playsingle
dlna-playcontainer 		Provisional IANA registration template IANA registration template
dns Domain Name System Permanent RFC 4501 dns:[//<host>[:<port>]/]<dnsname>[?<dnsquery>]

examples:
dns:example?TYPE=A;CLASS=IN
dns://192.168.1.1/ftp.example.org?type=A

designates a DNS resource record set, referenced by domain name, class, type, and, optionally, the authority
dtn DTNRG research and development Provisional RFC 5050
dvb Provisional IETF Draft
ed2k Resources available using the eDonkey2000 network Provisional IANA registration template
eDonkey2000 		ed2k://|file|<filename>|<size of file>|<hash of file>|/ or
ed2k://|server|<host>|<port>|/ 		Links to servers are also possible, as are additional parameters. Official documentation from Error in Webarchive template: Empty url.
facetime FaceTime is a video conferencing software developed by Apple for iPhone 4, the fourth generation iPod Touch, and computers running Mac OS X. Provisional IANA registration template
Apple Inc. 		facetime://<address>|<MSISDN>|<mobile number>

example:
facetime://+19995551234

 Apple has not published documentation on this protocol yet.
fax Used for telefacsimile numbers Historical RFC 2806
RFC 3966 		fax:<phonenumber> Deprecated in RFC 3966 in favour of tel:. Listed as "Historical"
feed web feed subscription Provisional IANA registration template feed:<absolute_uri> or
feed://<hierarchical part>

examples:
feed://example.com/rss.xml
feed:https://example.com/rss.xml

See Feed URI scheme for a detailed overview of common implementations, supported software, and critics.
file Addressing files on local or network file systems Permanent RFC 1738
RFC 3986 		file://[host]/path or

(RFC 3986) file:[//host]/path

Since this usually used for local files the host from RFC 1738 is often empty leading to a starting triple /. RFC 3986 allows an absolute path with no host part.
finger Querying user information using the Finger protocol Provisional IANA registration template
IETF Draft 		finger://host[:port][/<request>]
fish Accessing another computer's files using the SSH protocol Provisional IANA registration template
fish KDE kioslave 		fish://[<username>[:<password>]@]<hostname>[:<port>] See Files transferred over shell protocol for details about the protocol.
ftp FTP resources Permanent RFC 1738
IETF Draft
Old IETF Draft 		generic syntax
geo A Uniform Resource Identifier for Geographic Locations Permanent RFC 5870 geo:<lat>,<lon>[,<alt>][;u=<uncertainty>]
(for WGS-84) 		Other coordinate reference systems (including those for non-terrestrial globes, such as The Moon and Mars) will be supported, once registered.
gg Starting chat with Gadu-Gadu user Provisional IANA registration template
Gadu-Gadu 		gg:<userid>
git Provides a link to a GIT repository Provisional IANA registration template
Git 		Github example: git://github.com/user/project-name.git
gizmoproject Gizmo5 calling link. Provisional IANA registration template gizmoproject://call?id=<gizmo_id> May use sip:// instead of gizmoproject:// in recent versions of Gizmo5.
go Common Name Resolution Protocol Permanent RFC 3368 go://[<host>]?[<common-name>]*[;<attribute>=[<type>,]<value>] or
go:<common-name>*[;<attribute>=[<type>,]<value>]
gopher Used with Gopher protocol Permanent RFC 4266 gopher://<host>:<port>/<item type><path>
gtalk Start a chat with a Google Talk user Provisional IANA registration template
Google Talk 		gtalk:chat?jid=example@gmail.com See Google Talk, XMPP, and http://juberti.blogspot.com/2006/11/gtalk-uri.html for more information
h323 Used with H.323 multimedia communications Permanent RFC 3508 h323:[<user>@]<host>[:<port>][;<parameters>]
hcp Displaying a help page on Microsoft Windows Help and Support Center. Provisional IANA registration template
Microsoft 		hcp://system/<File>.htm (Where <File> is the file to load) Works only on Windows XP. Later replaced by ms-help:.
http HTTP resources Permanent RFC 1738
RFC 2616
(makes
RFC 2068
obsolete)
RFC 7230 		generic syntax
https HTTP connections secured using SSL/TLS Permanent RFC 2817
RFC 7230 		generic syntax
iax Inter-Asterisk eXchange protocol version 2 Permanent RFC 5456 iax:[<username>@]<host>[:<port>][/<number>[?<context>]]
examples
iax:[2001:db8::1]:4569/alice?friends
iax:johnQ@example.com/12022561414
icap Internet Content Adaptation Protocol Permanent RFC 3507
icon Provisional IETF Draft
im Instant messaging protocol Permanent RFC 3860 im:<username>@<host>, and also im:sip:<username>@<host> for MS Communicator launching Works as xmpp: URI for single user chat sessions.
imap Accessing e-mail resources through IMAP Permanent RFC 2192
RFC 5092 		imap://[<user>[;AUTH=<type>]@]<host>[:<port>]/<command>
info Information Assets with Identifiers in Public Namespaces Permanent RFC 4452
ipn Provisional RFC 6260
ipp Internet Printing Protocol Permanent RFC 3510
ipps Internet Printing Protocol over HTTPS Permanent IETF Draft
irc Connecting to an Internet Relay Chat server to join a channel. Provisional IANA registration template
IETF Draft
Old IETF Draft 		irc://<host>[:<port>]/[<channel>[?<password>]] Assuming the client knows a server associated with the name, "host" may optionally be an IRC network name.
irc6 IPv6 equivalent of irc Provisional IANA registration template irc6://<host>[:<port>]/[<channel>[?<password>]] See irc
ircs Secure equivalent of irc Provisional IANA registration template
IETF Draft 		ircs://<host>[:<port>]/[<channel>[?<password>]] See irc
iris
iris.beep
iris.xpc
iris.xpcs
iris.lws 		Internet Registry Information Service Permanent RFC 3981 RFC 3983 RFC 4992 RFC 4992 RFC 4993
itms Used for connecting to the iTunes Music Store Provisional IANA registration template
Apple Inc 		itms:
jabber Permanent IANA registration template
jar Compressed archive member Provisional IANA registration template
Java API 		jar:<url>!/[<entry>] Works for any ZIP based file.
jms Java Message Service Provisional RFC 6167
keyparc Keyparc encrypt/decrypt resource. Provisional IANA registration template
Bloombase 		keyparc://encrypt/<username>/<uri> or

keyparc://decrypt/<username>/<uri>

lastfm Connecting to a radio stream from Last.fm. Provisional IANA registration template
Last.fm 		lastfm://<radio_stream> or lastfm://globaltags/<genre> or
lastfm://user/<username>/<stuff>
ldap LDAP directory request Permanent RFC 2255
RFC 4516 		ldap://[<host>[:<port>]][/<dn> [?[<attributes>][?[<scope>][?[<filter>][?<extensions>]]]]]

example:
ldap://ldap1.example.net:6666/o=University%20of%20Michigan, c=US??sub?(cn=Babs%20Jensen)

ldaps Secure equivalent of ldap Provisional IANA registration template
Old version of IETF Draft 		ldaps://[<host>[:<port>]][/<dn> [?[<attributes>][?[<scope>][?[<filter>][?<extensions>]]]]] Not an IETF standard, but commonly used in applications.
magnet "magnet links" Provisional IANA registration template
Magnet-URI Project 		magnet:?xt=urn:sha1:<hash of file>&dn=<display name>
(other parameters are also possible) 		Used by various peer-to-peer clients, usually providing the hash of a file to be located on the network.
mailserver Access to data available from mail servers Historical RFC 6196
mailto SMTP e-mail addresses and default content Permanent RFC 6068 mailto:<address>[?<header1>=<value1>[&<header2>=<value2>]]

example:
mailto:jsmith@example.com?subject=A%20Test&body=My%20idea%20is%3A%20%0A

Headers are optional, but often include subject=; body= can be used to pre-fill the body of the message.
maps "map links" Provisional IANA registration template maps:q=<physical location> Some mobile web browsers will launch a dedicated mapping application. See also "geo:" (RFC 5870)
market Opens Google Play Provisional IANA registration template
Android [5]
  • market://details?id=Package_name or
  • market://search?q=Search_Query or
  • market://search?q=pub:Publisher_Name
 Supported by Android devices
message Direct link to specific email message Provisional IANA registration template
Apple Inc [6] 		message:<MESSAGE-ID>

message://<MESSAGE-ID>

Supported by Mail since OS X 10.5
mid Referencing SMTP/MIME messages, or parts of messages. Permanent RFC 2111
RFC 2392 		mid:<message-id>[/<content-id>] (See also cid:)
mms Windows streaming media Provisional IANA registration template
Microsoft 		mms://<host>:<port>/<path> Used by Windows Media Player to stream audio and/or video.
modem Historical RFC 2806
RFC 3966 		Deprecated in RFC 3966 in favour of tel:. Listed as "Historical"
ms-help Displaying a help page on Microsoft Windows Help and Support Center. Used by Windows Vista and later. Provisional IANA registration template
Microsoft 		ms-help://<section>/<path>/<file>.htm (Where <section> is a library of help files – the name of the library begins with "MS.", <path> is the sub-libraries, and <file> is the name of the file) Works only on Windows Vista and later.
ms-settings-power Provisional IANA registration template
msnim Adding a contact, or starting a conversation in Windows Live Messenger Provisional IANA registration template
Windows Live Messenger 		Add a contact to the buddy list

msnim:add?contact=nada@example.com
Start a conversation with a contact
msnim:chat?contact=nada@example.com
Start a voice conversation with a contact
msnim:voice?contact=nada@example.com
Start a video conversation with a contact
msnim:video?contact=nada@example.com

Can be invoked from a web page or via a run command or an Internet Explorer browser URL (won't work with Firefox 2.0.0.8). For web pages use this HTML: <a href="chat?contact=nada@example.com">Click to chat!</a>
msrp
msrps 		Message Session Relay Protocol Permanent RFC 4975
mtqp Message Tracking Query Protocol Permanent RFC 3887
mumble Joining a server. Provisional IANA registration template
Mumble 		mumble://[username[:password]@]<address>[:port]/[channelpath]?version=<serverversion>[&title=<servername>][&url=<serverurl>] Official documentation from Mumble website
mupdate Mailbox Update Protocol Permanent RFC 3656
mvn Access Apache Maven repository artifacts Provisional IANA registration template
OPS4J 		mvn:org.ops4j.pax.web.bundles/service/0.2.0-SNAPSHOT
mvn:http://user:password@repository.ops4j.org/maven2!org.ops4j.pax.web.bundles/service/0.2.0
news (Usenet) newsgroups and postings Permanent RFC 1738
RFC 5538 		news:<newsgroupname> or
news:<message-id> 		References a particular resource, regardless of location.
nfs Network File System resources Permanent RFC 2224 generic syntax
ni
nih 		Permanent RFC 6920
nntp Usenet NNTP Permanent RFC 1738
RFC 5538 		nntp://<host>:<port>/<newsgroup-name>/<article-number> Referencing a specific host is often less useful than referencing the resource generically, as NNTP servers are not always publicly accessible
notes Open a Lotus Notes document or database Provisional IANA registration template
Lotus Notes 		notes://<address> Used by IBM Lotus Notes to refer to documents and databases stored within the Lotus Notes system. When clicked in a browser on a computer with Lotus Notes client installed, Notes will open the document link as if a Notes DocLink were clicked within Notes.
oid Provisional IANA registration template IETF Draft
opaquelocktoken Permanent RFC 2518
RFC 4918
pack Historical IANA registration template IETF Draft
palm Used to designate system services in HP webOS applications Provisional IANA registration template
HP webOS 		palm:<servicename>[/<method>]]/ Official documentation from HP webOS Services Overview
paparazzi Used to launch and automatically take a screen shot using the application "Paparazzi!" (Mac only) Provisional IANA registration template
Derailer 		paparazzi:[<options>]http:[//<host>[:[<port>][<transport>]]/ Official documentation from the Paparazzi! website
pkcs11 PKCS #11 Provisional IANA registration template
IETF Draft
platform Access to Eclipse platform resources. Provisional IANA registration template
Eclipse platform scheme documentation 		platform:/(resource|plugin|fragment|meta|config|base)/... Registered with java.net.URL when launching with the org.eclipse.core.filesystem bundle, and heavily leveraged by org.eclipse.emf.common.util.URI.
pop Accessing mailbox through POP3 Permanent RFC 2384 pop://[<user>[;AUTH=<auth>]@]<host>[:<port>]
pres Used in Common Profile for Presence (CPP) to identify presence Permanent RFC 3859 pres:<address>[?<header1>=<value1>[&<header2>=<value2>]] Similar to "mailto:"
prospero Prospero Directory Service Historical RFC 1738
RFC 4157 		Listed as "Historical" by IANA.
proxy Alter proxy settings in the FoxyProxy application Provisional IANA registration template
FoxyProxy 		proxy:<option>=<value>[&<option>=<value>[&...]] Official documentation from FoxyProxy website
psyc Used to identify or locate a person, group, place or a service and specify its ability to communicate Provisional IANA registration template
PSYC 		psyc:[//<host>[:[<port>][<transport>]]/[<object-name>][#<channel-name>] Official documentation from PSYC website
query Opens a filesystem query Provisional IANA registration template
Haiku 		query:<queryformula> Implemented by the url_wrapper application
reload REsource LOcation And Discovery Protocol Permanent RFC 6940 reload://<destination>@<overlay>/[<specifier>]
res Used by Internet Explorer to display error pages when the server doesn't have its own customized error pages, or when there is no response from the server (in case which the server wasn't found, like when the server is down or the domain isn't registered or when there is no Internet connection, or in case of a timeout). Provisional IANA registration template
Microsoft 		res://ieframe.dll/<File> (Where <File> is the file to load) Works only in Internet Explorer.
resource Creating mapping for resource protocol aliases generted by the resource instruction. Used by Firefox.[4] Provisional IANA registration template
Mozilla 		resource://<aliasname>/ (Where <aliasname> is the name of the aliase) Works only in Firefox.
rmi Look up a Java object in an RMI registry. Provisional IANA registration template
Sun 		rmi://<host>[:<port>]/<object-name> URI scheme understood by JNDI. Can be used to lookup a remote Java object within an RMI registry (typically for the purposes of RMI on that object). Host/port in the URI are of the rmiregistry process, not the remote object.
rsync rsync Provisional RFC 5781 rsync://<host>[:<port>]/<path>
rtmfp Real Time Media Flow Protocol Provisional IANA registration template
RFC 7425 		rtmfp://<host>/<application>/<media>
rtmp Real Time Messaging Protocol Provisional IANA registration template
Adobe Systems 		rtmp://<host>/<application>/<media> URI schema used to connect to Adobe Flash Media Server.
rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol Permanent RFC 2326
secondlife Open the Map floater in Second Life application to teleport the resident to the location. Provisional IANA registration template
Linden Lab 		secondlife://<region name>/<x position>/<y position>/<z position> Used by SLurl.com. Knowledge base article.
service Permanent RFC 2609
session Media Resource Control Protocol Permanent RFC 4463
RFC 6787 		session:<content-id>

example:
session:help@root-level.store

sftp SFTP file transfers (not be to confused with FTPS (FTP/SSL)) Provisional IANA registration template
IETF Draft 		sftp://[<user>[;fingerprint=<host-key fingerprint>]@]<host>[:<port>]/<path>/<file>
sgn Social Graph Node Mapper Provisional IANA registration template
Google 		example:

sgn://social-network.example.com/?ident=bob

Official documentation from sgnodemapper project.
shttp Secure HTTP Permanent RFC 2660 Largely superseded by HTTPS.
sieve ManageSieve protocol Permanent RFC 5804
sip Used with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Permanent RFC 2543
RFC 3969
RFC 3261 		sip:<user>[:<password>]@<host>[:<port>][;<uri-parameters>][?<headers>]

examples:
sip:alice@atlanta.com?subject=project%20x&priority=urgent
sip:+1-212-555-1212:1234@gateway.com;user=phone

sips Secure equivalent of sip Permanent RFC 3969
RFC 3261 		sips:<user>[:<password>]@<host>[:<port>][;<uri-parameters>][?<headers>]
skype Launching Skype call (see also callto:) Provisional IANA registration template
Skype [dead link] 		skype:<username|phonenumber>[?[add|call|chat|sendfile|userinfo]]
smb Accessing SMB/CIFS shares Provisional IANA registration template
IETF Draft 		smb://[<user>@]<host>[:<port>][/[<path>]][?<param1>=<value1>[;<param2>=<value2>]] or
smb://[<user>@]<workgroup>[:<port>][/] or

smb://[[<domain>;]<username>[:<password>]@]<server>[:<port>][/[<share>[/[<path>]]][?[<param>=<value>[<param2>=<value2>[...]]]]][5]
example:
smb://workgroup;user:password@server/share/folder/file.txt

sms Interact with SMS capable devices for composing and sending messages. Permanent RFC 5724 sms:<phone number>?<action>

examples:
sms:+15105550101?body=hello%20there
sms:+15105550101,+15105550102?body=hello%20there

Should be used as a subset to the tel: schema. [citation needed]
snews NNTP over SSL/TLS Historical RFC 5538
snmp Simple Network Management Protocol Permanent RFC 4088 snmp://[user@]host[:port][/[<context>[;<contextEngineID>]][/<oid>]]

examples:
snmp://example.com//1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3+
snmp://tester5@example.com:8161/bridge1;800002b804616263

soap.beep
soap.beeps 		Permanent RFC 3288
RFC 4227
soldat Joining servers Provisional IANA registration template
Soldat 		soldat://<host>:<port>/[password]

example:
soldat://127.0.0.1:23073/thatssecret!

Official note in Manual
spotify Load a track, album, artist, search, or playlist in Spotify Provisional IANA registration template
Spotify 		spotify:<artist|album|track>:<id> or
spotify:search:<text> or
spotify:user:<username>:playlist:<id>

example:
spotify:track:2jCnn1QPQ3E8ExtLe6INsx

Informally specified in Spotify official blog post by CTO Andreas Ehn.
ssh SSH connections (like telnet:) Provisional IANA registration template
IETF Draft 		ssh://[<user>[;fingerprint=<host-key fingerprint>]@]<host>[:<port>]
steam Interact with Steam: install apps, purchase games, run games, etc. Provisional IANA registration template
Steam, Valve Corporation 		steam:<command line arguments> or
steam://<action>/<id, addon, IP, hostname, etc.> 		Official documentation from Valve Developer Community website
stun
stuns 		Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Permanent RFC 7064 stun[s]:<host>[:<port>]
svn Provides a link to a Subversion (SVN) source control repository Provisional IANA registration template
Subversion 		svn[+ssh]://<logindetails>@<repository><:port>/<modulepath>
tag Tag URI Permanent RFC 4151 tag:<email/domainname>,<date>:<Item> Represented entities do not necessarily have to be accessible electronically.
teamspeak Joining a server. Provisional IANA registration template
TeamSpeak 		teamspeak://<server>[:<port>]/[?<parameter1>=<value1>[&<parameter2>=<value2>]] Official documentation from TeamSpeak Website
tel Used for telephone numbers Permanent RFC 5341
RFC 3966
RFC 2806 		tel:<phonenumber>
telnet Used with telnet Permanent RFC 1738
RFC 4248 		telnet://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>/]
tftp Trivial File Transfer Protocol Permanent RFC 3617
things Send a to-do to Things. Provisional IANA registration template
Cultured Code 		things:add?title=Buy%20milk&notes=Low%20fat&dueDate=2011-12-24 This URI scheme works on Mac OS X & iOS, providing Things by Cultured Code is installed.
thismessage multipart/related relative reference resolution Permanent IANA registration template RFC 2557
tn3270 Interactive 3270 emulation sessions Permanent RFC 6270
tip Transaction Internet Protocol Permanent RFC 2371
turn
turns 		Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Permanent RFC 7065 turn[s]:<host>[:<port>][?transport=<transport>]
tv TV Broadcasts Permanent RFC 2838
udp BitTorrent tracker protocol based on UDP. Provisional IANA registration template
BitTorrent 		udp://<server>[:<port>]/ Documentation: UDP tracker protocol
udp MPEG Transport Stream over UDP Provisional IANA registration template
MPEG-TS 		udp://[<localaddress>@]<destination|multicastgroup>[:<port>] Supported by FFmpeg, VLC and other common video streaming applications and appliances. Each UDP packet typically contains 1 to 7 188 byte TS packets with no additional headers or footers.
unreal Joining servers Provisional IANA registration template
Unreal 		unreal://<server>[:<port>]/ Unreal legacy "protocol"
urn Uniform Resource Names Permanent RFC 2141 urn:<namespace>:<specificpart> Commonly used with namespace 'uuid'. See URN Namespaces.
ut2004 Joining servers Provisional IANA registration template
Unreal Tournament 2004 		ut2004://<server>[:<port>][/<map>?<options>] Documentation from Unreal Developer Network
vemmi Versatile Multimedia Interface Permanent RFC 2122
ventrilo Joining a server. Provisional IANA registration template
Ventrilo 		ventrilo://<server>[:<port>]/[?<parameter1>=<value1>[&<parameter2>=<value2>]] Official documentation from Ventrilo Website
videotex Historical IANA registration template
IETF Draft
RFC 2122
RFC 3986
view-source Shows a web page as code 'in the raw'. Provisional IANA registration template

IETF Draft

view-source:<absolute-URI>

where <absolute-URI> is specified in RFC 3986. Example:
view-source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_scheme

See view-source URI scheme for details.
wais Used with Wide area information server (WAIS) Historical RFC 1738
RFC 4156 		wais://<host>:<port>/<database>[?<search>] or wais://<host>:<port>/<database>/<wtype>/<wpath> Listed as "Historical" by IANA.
webcal Subscribing to calendars in iCalendar format Provisional IANA registration template
iCalendar 		webcal://<hierarchical part>

example:
webcal://example.com/calendar.ics

HTTP as a transport protocol is assumed.
See Webcal for details.
ws
wss 		WebSocket protocol Permanent RFC 6455 ws:<hierarchical part>
wtai Wireless Telephony Application Interface Provisional IANA registration template
WAP Forum 		wtai://wp/mc/+18165551212 See Application Protocol Wireless Application Environment Specification Version 1.1 for details.
wyciwyg What You Cache Is What You Get WYCIWYG Provisional IANA registration template
Mozilla 		wyciwyg://<URI> See WYCIWYG for details.
xcon
xcon-userid 		Permanent RFC 6501
xfire Adding friends and servers, joining servers, changing status text. Provisional IANA registration template
Xfire 		xfire:<function>[?<parameter1>=<value1>[&<parameter2>=<value2>]] Official documentation from Xfire website
xmlrpc.beep
xmlrpc.beeps 		Permanent RFC 3529
xmpp XMPP Permanent RFC 4622
RFC 5122 		xmpp:[<user>]@<host>[:<port>]/[<resource>][?<query>]
xri eXtensible Resource Identifier (XRI) Provisional IANA registration template
OASIS XRI Technical Committee 		xri://<authority>[/[<path>]][?<query>][#fragment] Official documentation from OASIS XRI Technical Committee
ymsgr Sending an instant message to a Yahoo! Contact. Provisional IANA registration template
Yahoo! Messenger 		ymsgr:sendIM?<screenname>
z39.50 Z39.50 information access Historical RFC 1738
RFC 2056
z39.50r Z39.50 retrieval Permanent RFC 2056 z39.50r://<host>[:<port>]/<database>?<docid>[;esn=<elementset>][;rs=<recordsyntax>]
z39.50s Z39.50 session Permanent RFC 2056 z39.50s://<host>[:<port>]/[<database>][?<docid>][;esn=<elementset>][;rs=<recordsyntax>]

Unofficial but common URI schemes

Scheme Purpose Defined by General format Notes
doi Digital object identifier, a digital identifier for any object of intellectual property. IETF Draft doi:10.<publisher number>/<suffix>
Example: doi:10.1000/182 		Used e.g. for most scientific publications.
Can be resolved via HTTP (transormed into an URL) by prepending http://dx.doi.org/ or http://hdl.handle.net/ in front.
javascript Execute JavaScript code IETF Draft javascript:<javascript to execute>
jdbc Connect a database with Java Database Connectivity technology. Database vendor dependent jdbc:somejdbcvendor:other_data...

jdbc:oracle:oci:@host:port(sid or [/service])?params...

jdbc:sqlserver://serverName\instanceName:portNumber;params...

jdbc:mysql://host:port/database?params...

Requires a vendor provided connector (jar archive) to be included in the client library.
odbc Open Database Connectivity IETF Draft
stratum Connectivity URI for the Stratum protocol, used for proof-of-work coordination in pooled cryptocurrency mining. Stratum Protocol Draft stratum+tcp://server:port, stratum+udp://server:port This protocol has completely superseded the now-obsolete Getwork protocol,[6] and was created primarily to reduce network overhead as mining pool sizes inevitably scale upwards.[7]
web+... Effectively namespaces web-based protocols from other, potentially less web-secure, protocols. This convention is defined within the HTML Living Standard specification web+<string of some lower-case alphabetic characters>: This convention is not associated with the registration of any new scheme but is currently a requirement as well as convention for non-whitelisted web-based protocols.

References

  1. ^ RFC 1866 section 8.2.1 : by Tim Berners-Lee in 1995 encourages CGI authors to support ';' in addition to '&'.
  2. ^ HTML 4.01 Specification: Implementation, and Design Notes: "CGI implementors support the use of ";" in place of "&" to save authors the trouble of escaping "&" characters in this manner."
  3. ^ Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 "CGI implementors are encouraged to support the use of ';' in place of '&' "
  4. ^ Taken from the following documentation page of Firefox's Developer: Chrome registration
  5. ^ JCIFS API: Class jcifs.smb.SmbFile
  6. ^ Stratum, Stratum Protocol
  7. ^ Stratum mining protocol, ..the official documentation of lightweight bitcoin mining protocol.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URI_scheme&oldid=646169952"