Comparison of facial image datasets
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In computer vision, facial images have been used extensively to develop facial recognition systems, face detection, and many other projects that use facial images. This article compares various facial image datasets.
Database | Subjects | Samples per subject | Total images | Expressions | Poses | 3D | Color | Institution | License |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bosphorus[1] | 105 | 31-54 | 4652 | 34: action units and 6 expressions, labeled; 24 facial landmarks labeled | 13 pitch, yaw, and cross rotations | Yes; structured light acquisition | Yes | Bogazici University, Turkey | case-by-case, non-commercial, privacy protections[2] |
York-3DFace[3] | 350 | 15 | 5250 | neutral face, 5 expressions: anger, happiness, sadness, eyes closed, eyebrows raised | Uncontrol led up and down | Yes | ? | University of York, United Kingdom | ? |
ND2006[4] | 888 | 1-63 | 13450 | 5: happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, other | n/a | Yes | ? | University of Notre Dame, United States | ? |
CASIA[5] | 123 | 37-38 | 4624 | 5: Anger, smile, laugh, surprise, closed eyes | n/a | Yes | ? | Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, China | ? |
BU-3DFE[6] | 100 | 25 | 2500 | neutral face, and 6 expressions: anger, happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear (4 levels) | n/a | Yes | ? | Binghamton University, United States | ? |
FRAV3D[7] | 106 | 16 | 1696 | netral face, smaile and mouth and eyes open | Left, right, up, down ? | Yes; structured light acquisition | Yes | Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain | ? |
BJUT-3D-R1[8] | 500 | 4 | 2000 | neutral face, joy, anger and surprise | n/a | Yes | ? | Beijing University of Technology, China | ? |
FRGC v.2[9] | 466 | 1-22 | 4007 | 6: anger, happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, puffy | n/a | Yes | ? | National Institute Of Standards and Technology, United States | ? |
GavabDB[10] | 61 | 9 | 549 | neutral face, smile, frontal accentuated laugh, frontal random gesture | Left, right, up, down | Yes | ? | Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain | publications must reference; available for immediate download |
3D_RMA[11] | 100 | 20+ | 9971 | Mostly neutral, some unconstrained; neutral are labeled, unconstrained not further labeled | head turning from left to right, head nodding, raised/lowered head turning left to right | Yes | Yes | Royal Military Academy, Belgium | ? |
PUT | 120 | 6 | 720 | n/a? | Slight left/right and up/down | No | ? | ? | case-by-case, non-commercial, publications must reference; available for download after email correspondence[12] |
MUCT | 624 | slightly different but unlabeled | 3755 | ? | 5 camera perspectives | No | Yes | University Of Cape Town | Immediate download possible, citation of paper is desired |
The above table was collected from the following works:
- A. Savran, N. Alyüz, H. Dibeklioğlu, O. Celiktutan, B. Gökberk, B. Sankur, and L. Akarun. Bosphorus database for 3D face analysis. Biometrics and Identity Management, v. 5372, pp 47–56, 2008.
References
- ^ Savran et al.(2008) A. Savran, N. Alyüz, H. Dibeklioğlu, O. Celiktutan, B. Gökberk, B. Sankur, and L. Akarun. Bosphorus database for 3D face analysis. Biometrics and Identity Management, pp 47–56.
- ^ Bosphorus - How to obtain
- ^ Heseltine et al.(2008) T. Heseltine, N. Pears, and J. Austin. Three-dimensional face recognition using combinations of surface feature map subspace components. Image and Vision Computing. v. 26, n. 3, pp 382–396.
- ^ Faltemier et al.(2007) T. Faltemier, K. Bowyer, and P. Flynn. Using a multi-instance enrollment representation to improve 3D face recognition. pp 1–6.
- ^ Zhong et al.(2007) C. Zhong, Z. Sun, and T. Tan. Robust 3D face recognition using learned visual codebook. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2007. CVPR, pp 1–6.
- ^ Yin et al.(2006) L.J. Yin, X.Z. Wei, Y. Sun, J. Wang, and M.J. Rosato. A 3D facial expression database for facial behavior research. In 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR06), pp. 211–216.
- ^ Conde(2006) C. Conde. Biometría: Reconocimiento facial mediante fusión 2D y 3D. Dykinson SL, Madrid.
- ^ Beijing University of Technology(2005) Beijing University of Technology. The BJUT-3D large-scale chinese face database. Technical report, Beijing University of Technology. Technical Report of The Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology Beijing Municipal Key Laborator.
- ^ Phillips et al.(2005) P.J. Phillips, P.J. Flynn, T. Scruggs, K.W. Bowyer, J. Chang, K. Hoffman, J. Marques, J. Min, and W. Worek. Overview of the face recognition grand challenge. In IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2005, pp 947–954.
- ^ Moreno and Sánchez(2004) A.B. Moreno and A. Sánchez. GavabDB: a 3D face database. In Workshop on Biometrics on the Internet, pp. 77–85.
- ^ Beumier and Acheroy(2001) C. Beumier and M. Acheroy. Face verification from 3D and grey level clues. Pattern Recognition Letters, 22(12):1321–1329.
- ^ PUT license page