Non-English-based programming languages

Non-English-based programming languages are computer programming languages that, unlike most well-known programming languages, do not use keywords taken from, or inspired by, the English vocabulary.

Programming languages based on non-English natural languages

These languages generally fall into categories 1 and 2.

Aheui – An esoteric programming language similar to Befunge but using Hangul (Korean)
ARLOGO – The first open-source Arabic programming language, based on the UCBLogo interpreter
BangaBhasha – A set of Bangla based programming languages. Provides equivalents C, C++, lex, yacc, assembly, BASIC, logo, Ada and many other languaes in Bangla
Chinese BASIC – Chinese-localized BASIC dialects based on Applesoft BASIC; for Taiwanese Apple II clones and the Multitech Microprofessor II
Fjölnir – An Icelandic imperative programming language of the 1980s
FOCAL – Keywords were originally English, but DEC produced versions of FOCAL in several European languages
4th Dimension – On local versions, its internal language uses French or German keywords
Hindawi – A set of Indian language based programming languages. Provides equivalents C, C++, lex, yacc, assembly, BASIC, logo, Ada and many other languaes in Indic languages such as Hindi, Gujrati, Assomiya etc.
hForth – A Forth system with an optional Korean keyword set
HPL – Hebrew Programming Language
Lexico – A Spanish OO language for teaching .NET programming
LSE – Langage Symbolique d'Enseignement, a French, pedagogical, programming language designed in the 1970s at the École Supérieur d'Électricité. A kind of BASIC, but with procedures, functions, local variables, like in Pascal.
MS Word and MS Excel – Their macro languages used to be localized in non-english languages
Rapira – A Pascal variant using Russian keywords
SAKO – A language created in the 1950s and nicknamed the "Polish FORTRAN"
Superlogo – A Dutch creation for computer-aided instruction, based on Logo

Programming languages not based on any natural language

These languages fall into category 3. Many of them are esoteric programming languages.

APL – A language based on mathematical notation and abstractions
brainfuck – A minimalist esoteric programming language, created for the purpose of having a compiler fit in fewer than 256 bytes
FALSE – Another minimalist esoteric programming language with syntax consisting mainly of single non-alphanumeric characters.
Ook! – A language based on the Orangutan language from Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels.
Piet – An art-based programming language.
PILOT – A computer-aided instruction language, somewhat similar to Logo
Plankalkül – An early language developed by German computer pioneer Konrad Zuse; using a symbolic tabular notation
Wierd – An esoteric language encoding semantics in angles and distances
var'aq – A language based on the constructed Klingon language of Star Trek

Programming languages with self-modifiable parser's syntax

ChinesePython – A complete translation of the Python scripting language into Chinese
HyperTalk – The programming language used in Apple's HyperCard; allows translation via custom resources
Perl – While Perl's keywords and function names are generally in English, it allows modification of its parser to modify the input language, such as in Damian Conway's Lingua::Romana::Perligata module which allows programs to be written in Latin.

External links

Brainfuck homepage
ChinesePython official website (in Chinese)
ChinesePython homepage at Sourceforge (in English)
HPL homepage at Sourceforge
hForth homepage
La Saga du LSE et de sa famille (LSD/LSG/LST)
SAKO information page at HOPL – By Diarmuid Pigott