Wikipedia:Stanford Archive answers/Science

Biology

1. acrotism -> the absence / imperceptibility of a pulse (heartbeat)
2. Alpha-Aminolevulinate, Alpha-Aminolevulinic acid -> "Porphyrin rings are synthesized by assembling eight of these subunits together. In animals, they are created by by their namesake synthase from succinyl-CoA and glycine."
3. Anfinsen cage, Anfinsen's Cage -> named after Christian B. Anfinsen, a proposed model for chaperone-assisted protein folding in which a chaperone, GroEL for instance, provides an environment in which a denatured protein can unfold and correctly refold. See also Anfinsen's dogma
4. architeuthus dux -> species of giant squid
5. areas of Cohnheim -> "muscular fiber is divided into these polyhedral areas made up of transversely divided sarcostyles and surrounded by sarcoplasm."
6. C4 Photosynthesis -> alternative photosynthetic pathway that allows for spatial separation of the light and dark reactions
7. Cantlie line -> used in liver anatomy, an imaginary line that runs from the inferior vena cava to the base of the gall bladder
8. Cluster determinant -> Cluster of antigens that antibodies react with that make up a cell surface marker.
9. Convergent circuit - type of neuron pathway
10. Divergent circuit - type of neuron pathway
11. Ghosh's mechanism -> mechanism that regulated development of mammalian brains discovered by Anirvan Ghosh
12. Guanine Nucleophile Binding proteins -> heterotrimeric signal involved in second messenger cascades that transducing molecules using the exchange of guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate as a signaling mechanism.
13. Heterophils -> most common type of granulocyte in bird species.
14. Inducible system Inducible regulation The type of operon regulation in which the repressor binds to the operator, forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes. [1]
15. Little bags theory -> set of evolutionary theories, proposing that life evolved from the mixtures of organic chemicals that became trapped in tiny vesicles
16. Lyon principle -> also known as Lyon hypothesis, became Lyon law in 2011. Could either redirect to X-inactivation or could have its own article.
17. Open juncture -> (from Dictionary.com): a transition between successive sounds marked by a break in articulatory continuity, as by a pause or the modification of a preceding or following sound, and often indicating a division between words
18. Orycteropus capensis < species of aardvark
19. Reverberating circuit - type of neuron pathway
20. Sclerenchyma sheath -> thick sclerenchymal fibers that surround the vascular bundle of dicots
21. Simple schizophrenia, Hebephrenic schizophrenia, Catatonic schizophrenia, Paranoic schizophrenia, acute schizophrenia, Chronic schizophrenia
22. Stasipatric speciation -> section needs to be added to speciation

Chemistry

1. Arrhenius Theory-> Could be referring to his formula for temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant,representing those layers. [http://74.125.93.132/search?q=cache:PpmGAIfiE7kJ:quizbowl.stanford.edu/archive/ccxiii/tamu.rtf+site:quizbowl.stanford.edu/archive/+Kll+Process&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=u
2. Association colloid - "In association colloids molecules of soap or other surface-active substances are associated together to form small aggregates (micelles) in water." [2]
3. Born-Mayer equation < equation for the cohesive energy of an ionic crystal which is deduced.
4. Buffering domain -> region during titration near the equivalence point when the titration curve slowly slopes before a sudden increase in slope.
5. Circular reaction -> 3 types of movements or actions that create their own repetition,and states that fugacity of each species in an ideal solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the species.
6. Corey-Pauling rules -> Set of rules governing peptide structure. See here. Not to be confused with Pauling's rules
7. Cyclic ethers < could use a separate article
8. Fossil magnetism -> process where molten rock,called primary,from the vapor pressure can be computed."
9. Gate voltage (Reluctantly Accept: Base voltage
10. Goldschmidt process,thermite -> thermite reaction,#KLL process - A process in which the vacancy
11. Hicks decomposition,orients with Earth's current magnetic field before solidifying its orientation. This is how scientists know Earth's magnetic field has changed directions in the past.
12. Hot-spark spectroscopy -> type of elemental spectroscopy done by Robert Andrews Millikan that explores the spectrum between ultraviolet and X-rays.
13. Hydroscopic nuclei,and tertiary. They occur during the sensorimotor stage. Could redirect there,but I think they deserve their own article.
14. Intrepid class shipy is in the innermost electron shell and the relaxing and ejected electron come from the second-innermost shell is named by these three letters,Hicksian decomposition,Hydroscopic nucleus,Hygroscopic nuclei,Hygroscopic nucleus<Meteorology]: Condensation nuclei which are hygroscopic
15. Iron perchlorate < Fe(ClO4)2 [3]
16. Isocratic elution -> type of elution where solvent composition doesn't change. Other types include gradient elution
17. Knudsen Effusion method -> " This method for measuring small vapor pressures uses a cylinder with a hole in it as its namesake “cell”. The rate of effusion through the orifice is measured,and combinations.
18. Law of Isomorphism -> Chemistry law created by Eilhard Mitscherlich
19. Lewis rule,or his theory of ionic dissociation.
20. Randall rule -> This simple law is the analog of Raoult’s Law for fugacity,stepwise elution,Sublimation nucleus < Meteorology: Any particle upon which an ice crystal may grow by the process of sublimation
21. Sicilian method -> method of extracting sulfur from the surface. The ores are piled in a mound and ignited,from which the sulfur is collected in gaseous form.
22. Sigmatrophic shifts -> "Another class of pericyclic reactions is this one,his theory of acids and bases,i.e. which tend to attract and condense ambient water vapour.
23. steam regeneration -> process that increases the thermodynamic efficiency in a real Rankine cycle by heating the condensed working fluid with the high-temperature fluid in the boiler.
24. Sublimation nuclei,often resulting in high paramagnetism. [4]
25. Three-five -> Semiconductors made from Gallium Arsenide (in relation to their location on the periodic table)
26. Weak field - This is the term for ligands which result in less splitting between the HOMO and LUMO energies in the complex,secondary,usually continuing iron,which involves migration of a sigma bond that is flanked at either or both ends by conjugated pi-systems"