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Mobile operating system

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A 'n aturalmobile operating system', also referred to as mobile OS, is an operating system that operates a smartphone, tablet, PDA, or other mobile device. Modern mobile operating systems combine the features of a personal computer operating system with other features, including a touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field communication and infrared blaster.

Mobile devices with mobile communications capabilities (e.g. smartphones) contain two mobile operating systems - the main user-facing software platform is supplemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system which operates the radio and other hardware. Research has shown that these low-level systems may contain a range of security vulnerabilities permitting malicious base stations to gain high levels of control over the mobile device.[1]

History

Mobile operating system milestones mirror the development of mobile phones and smartphones:

Common software platforms

See also: List of BlackBerry products, List of iOS devices, and Comparison of Symbian devices

The most common mobile operating systems are:

Android

Android is from Google Inc.[5] Most of the Android is free and open source,[6] but large amount of software on Android devices (such as such as Play Store, Google Search, Google Play Services, Google Music, and so on) are proprietary and licensed.[7] Android's releases prior to 2.0 (1.0, 1.5, 1.6) were used exclusively on mobile phones. Most Android phones and some Android tablets, now use a 2.x release. Android 3.0 was a tablet-oriented release and does not officially run on mobile phones. The current Android version is 4.4. Android's releases are nicknamed after sweets or dessert items like Cupcake (1.5), Donut(2.0) Eclair(2.1) Frozen Yogurt ("Froyo") (2.2), Ginger Bread (2.3), Honeycomb (3.0), Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0), Jelly Bean (4.1),(4.2),(4.3) and Kit Kat (4.4). Most major mobile service providers carry an Android device. Since HTC Dream was introduced, there has been an explosion in the number of devices that carry Android OS. From Q2 of 2009 to the second quarter of 2010, Android's worldwide market share rose 850% from 1.8% to 17.2%. On November 15, 2011, Android reached 52.5% of the global smartphone market share.[8]

Blackberry

It is worst OS

iOS

iOS is from Apple Inc.[5] It is closed source and proprietary and built on open source Darwin core OS. The Apple iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and second-generation Apple TV all use an operating system called iOS, which is derived from Mac OS X. Native third party applications were not officially supported until the release of iOS 2.0 on July 11, 2008. Before this, "jailbreaking" allowed third party applications to be installed, and this method is still available. Currently all iOS devices are developed by Apple and manufactured by Foxconn or another of Apple's partners.

Windows Phone

Windows Phone is from Microsoft. It is closed source and proprietary. On February 15, 2010, Microsoft unveiled its next-generation mobile OS, Windows Phone. The new mobile OS includes a completely new over-hauled UI inspired by Microsoft's "Metro Design Language". It includes full integration of Microsoft services such as Microsoft SkyDrive and Office, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Live games and Bing, but also integrates with many other non-Microsoft services such as Facebook and Google accounts. Windows Phone devices are made primarily by Nokia, along with HTC, Samsung, Huawei and other OEMs.

Other software platforms

Firefox OS

Firefox OS[9] is from non-profit organization Mozilla Foundation. It is open source and uses GPL. According to Ars Technica, "Mozilla says that B2G is motivated by a desire to demonstrate that the standards-based open Web has the potential to be a competitive alternative to the existing single-vendor application development stacks offered by the dominant mobile operating systems."[10]

Sailfish OS

Sailfish OS is from Jolla. It is open source and adopts GPL. After Nokia failed in 2011 with the MeeGo project most of the MeeGo team have left Nokia, and established Jolla as a company to use MeeGo and MER business opportunities. In 2012 Linux Sailfish OS based on MeeGo and using MER core distribution has been launched for public use. The first device, Jolla (mobile phone) was unveiled on 20 May 2013.

Symbian

Symbian platform is from Nokia for certain models of their current entry level smartphones. It is proprietary software. Runs Series 40 or S40. The Operating System is found running on Nokia's Asha devices

Tizen

Tizen is hosted by the Linux Foundation and support from the LiMo Foundation, guided by a Technical Steering Group composed of Intel and Samsung. Tizen is an operating system for devices including smartphones, tablets, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) devices, and smart TVs. It is an open source system that aims to offer a consistent user experience across devices. Tizen's main components are the Linux kernel and the WebKit runtime. According to Intel, Tizen “combines the best of LiMo and MeeGo." HTML5apps are emphasized, with MeeGo encouraging its members to transition to Tizen, stating that the "future belongs to HTML5-based applications, outside of a relatively small percentage of apps, and we are firmly convinced that our investment needs to shift toward HTML5." Tizen will be targeted at a variety of platforms such as handsets, tablets, smart TVs and in-vehicle entertainment.[11][12] On May 17, 2013, Tizen released version 2.1, code-named Nectarine.[13]

Ubuntu Touch OS

Ubuntu Touch OS is from Canonical Ltd.. It is open source and uses GPL.

Historical software platforms

LiMo 4

LiMo 4 is from the LiMo Foundation. LiMo Foundation launched LiMo 4 on February 14, 2011. LiMo 4 delivers middleware and application functionality, including a flexible user interface, extended widget libraries, 3D window effects, advanced multimedia, social networking and location-based service frameworks, sensor frameworks, multi-tasking and multi-touch capabilities. In addition, support for scalable screen resolution and consistent APIs means that the platform can deliver a consistent user experience across multiple device types and form factors.[14]

Maemo

Maemo is from Nokia. It is open source and GPL. Maemo is a platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and Internet tablets. Maemo is based on Debian GNU/Linux and draws much of its GUI, frameworks and libraries from the GNOME project. It uses the Matchbox window manager and the GTK-based Hildon as its GUI and application framework.

Meego

MeeGo is from non-profit organization The Linux Foundation. It is open source and GPL. At the 2010 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Nokia and Intel both unveiled 'MeeGo', a mobile operating system that combined Moblin and Maemo to create an open-sourced experience for users across all devices. In 2011 Nokia announced that it would no longer pursue MeeGo in favor of Windows Phone. Nokia announced the Nokia N9 on June 21, 2011 at the Nokia Connection event[15] in Singapore. LG announced its support for the platform.[16]

Palm OS

Palm OS/Garnet OS was from Access Co.. It is closed source and proprietary.

webOS was introduced by Palm in January 2009 as the successor to Palm OS with Web 2.0 technologies, open architecture and multitasking capabilities.

webOS

webOS is from LG, although some parts are open source. webOS is a proprietary mobile operating system running on the Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which launched with the Palm Pre. After being acquired by HP, two phones (the Veer and the Pre 3) and a tablet (the TouchPad) running webOS were introduced in 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced that webOS hardware was to be discontinued[17] but would continue to support and update webOS software and develop the webOS ecosystem.[18] HP released webOS as open source under the name Open webOS, and plans to update it with additional features.[19] On February 25, 2013 HP announced the sale of WebOS to LG Electronics, who planned to use the operating system for its "smart" or Internet-connected TVs. However HP retained patents underlying WebOS as well as cloud-based services such as the App Catalog.

Windows Mobile

Windows Mobile was from Microsoft.[5][20] It was closed source and proprietary. The Windows CE operating system and Windows Mobile middleware are widely spread in Asia. The two improved variants of this operating system, Windows Mobile 6 Professional (for touch screen devices) and Windows Mobile 6 Standard, were unveiled in February 2007. It was criticized for having a user interface which is not optimized for touch input by fingers; instead, it is more usable with a stylus. However, unlike iOS, it supports both touch screen and physical keyboard configurations. Windows Mobile's market share sharply declined to just 5% in Q2 of 2010.[21] Microsoft phased out the Windows Mobile OS to focus on Windows Phone.

Customer satisfaction

According to a Readers' Choice Awards survey conducted by PC Magazine in 2012, iOS and Windows Phone customers gave their phones a rating of 8.7 on a 0 (extremely dissatisfied) to 10 (extremely satisfied) scale, an improvement of 0.3 and 0.6 points respectively. Android received a 7.9 (the same rating it received in 2011), followed by webOS (7.7), Symbian (7.4) and Blackberry OS (6.8).[22]

The biggest reasons given by readers when asked why they chose their mobile phones are as follow: operating system (51%) and 4G capability (51%) for Android, quality of email experience (46%) for Blackberry, availability of apps (63%) for iOS and operating system (78%) for Windows Phone.

Market share

In 2006, Android, iOS, Windows Phone and Bada did not exist and just 64 million smartphones were sold.[23] As of 2011, nearly 10 times as many smartphones were sold annually and the top mobile operating systems marketed as "smartphones" by market share were Android, Symbian, Apple iOS, BlackBerry, MeeGo, Windows Phone and Bada.[24] Note that these statistics only include operating systems marketed as "smartphones" (e.g., they don't include Nokia's S40 operating system, which according to Nokia's announcement on 25 January 2012, has sold over 1.5 billion S40 devices).[25]

See table below for source data
See table below for source data
Gartner: World-Wide Smartphone Sales (Thousands of Units)
Quarter Windows Mobile[26] RIM Symbian[27] iOS Android[28] Bada Windows Phone[29] Other Total Smartphones Total Phones
2013 Q3 [30] 4,401 458 30,330 205,023 633 8,912 475 250,232 455,642
2013 Q2 [31] 6,180 631 31,900 177,898 838 7,408 472 225,326 435,158
2013 Q1 [32] 6,219 1,349 38,332 156,186 1,371 5,989 600 210,046 425,822
2012 Q4 [33] 7,333 2,569 43,457 144,720 2,684 6,186 713 207,662 472,076
2012 Q3 [34] 8,947 4,405 23,550 122,480 5,055 4,058 684 169,179 427,730
2012 Q2 [35] 7,991 9,072 28,935 98,529 4,209 4,087 863 153,686 419,008
2012 Q1 [36] 9,939 12,467 33,121 81,067 3,842 2,713 1,243 144,392 419,108
2011 Q4 [37] 13,185 17,458 35,456 75,906 3,111 2,759 1,167 149,042 476,555
2011 Q3 [24] 12,701 19,500 17,295 60,490 2,479 1,702 1,018 115,185 440,502
2011 Q2 [38] 12,652 23,853 19,629 46,776 2,056 1,724 1,051 107,740 428,661
2011 Q1 [36][39] 982 13,004 27,599 16,883 36,350 1,862 1,600 1,495 99,775 427,846
2010 Q4 [37] 3,419 14,762 32,642 16,011 30,801 2,027 0 1,488 101,150 452,037
2010 Q3 [24] 2,204 12,508 29,480 13,484 20,544 921 1,991 81,133 417,086
2010 Q2 [38] 3,059 11,629 25,387 8,743 10,653 577 2,011 62,058 367,987
2010 Q1 [39] 3,696 10,753 24,068 8,360 5,227 2,403 54,506 359,605
2009 Q4 [40] 4,203 10,508 23,857 8,676 4,043 2,517 53,804 347,103
2009 Q3 [41] 3,260 8,523 18,315 7,040 1,425 2,531 41,093 308,895
2009 Q2 [42] 3,830 7,782 20,881 5,325 756 2,398 40,972 286,122
2009 Q1 [43] 3,739 7,534 17,825 3,848 575 2,986 36,507 269,120
2008 Q4 [44] 4,714 7,443 17,949 4,079 639 3,319 38,143 314,708
2008 Q3 [45] 4,053 5,800 18,179 4,720 0 3,763 36,515 308,532
2008 Q2 [46] 3,874 5,594 18,405 893 3,456 32,221 304,722
2008 Q1 [44] 3,858 4,312 18,400 1,726 4,113 32,408 294,283
2007 Q4 [44] 4,374 4,025 22,903 1,928 3,536 36,766 330,055
2007 Q3 [45] 4,180 3,192 20,664 1,104 3,612 32,752 291,142
2007 Q2 [46] 3,212 2,471 18,273 270 3,628 27,855 272,604
2007 Q1 [44] 2,931 2,080 15,844 4,087 24,943 259,039
Gartner: World-Wide Smartphone Sales (% of Smartphones / % of All phones)
Year Windows Mobile RIM Symbian iOS Android Bada Windows Phone Other Smartphones Total Smartphones
2012 5.1% / 2.0% 4.2% / 1.6% 19.1% / 7.4% 66.2% / 25.7% 2.3% / 0.9% 2.5% / 1.0% 0.5% / 0.2% 100.0% / 38.8%
2011 0.2% / 0.1% 10.9% / 2.9% 18.7% / 5.0% 18.9% / 5.0% 46.5% / 12.4% 2.0% / 0.5% 1.7% / 0.4% 1.0% / 0.3% 100.0% / 26.6%
2010 4.1% / 0.8% 16.6% / 3.1% 37.3% / 7.0% 15.6% / 2.9% 22.5% / 4.2% 1.2% / 0.2% 0.0% / 0.0% 2.6% / 0.5% 100.0% / 18.7%
2009 8.7% / 1.2% 19.9% / 2.8% 46.9% / 6.7% 14.4% / 2.1% 3.9% / 0.6% 6.1% / 0.9% 100.0% / 14.2%
2008 11.8% / 1.3% 16.6% / 1.9% 52.4% / 6.0% 8.2% / 0.9% 0.0% / 0.0% 11.0% / 1.3% 100.0% / 11.4%
2007 12.0% / 1.3% 9.6% / 1.0% 63.5% / 6.7% 2.7% / 0.3% 12.2% / 1.3% 100.0% / 10.6%
IDC: World-Wide Smartphone Shipments (Millions of Units)
Quarter Android[28] iOS Symbian[27] BlackBerry OS Linux[47] Windows Phone Other Total
2013 Q3[48] 211.6 33.8 - 4.5 - 9.5 1.7 261.1
2013 Q2[49] 187.4 31.2 0.5 6.8 1.8 8.7 0.0 236.4
2013 Q1[50] 162.1 37.4 1.2 6.3 2.1 7.0 0.1 216.2
2012 Q4[51] 159.8 47.8 2.7 7.4 3.8 6.0 0.3 227.8
2012 Q3[52] 136.0 26.9 4.1 7.7 2.8 3.6 0.0 181.1
2012 Q2[53] 104.8 26.0 6.8 7.4 3.5 5.4 0.1 154.0
2012 Q1[54] 89.9 35.1 10.4 9.7 3.5 3.3 0.4 152.3
2011 Q4[51] 83.4 36.3 18.3 12.8 3.8 2.4 0.8 157.8
2011 Q3[52] 67.7 16.3 17.3 11.3 3.9 1.4 0.1 118.1
2011 Q2[53] 50.8 20.4 18.3 12.5 3.3 2.5 0.6 108.4
2011 Q1[54] 36.7 18.6 26.4 13.8 3.2 2.6 0.3 101.6
Kantar Worldpanel: ComTech Smartphone OS market share (% of smartphones)
Region USA EU5[55] China Australia
Quarter iOS Android RIM WP iOS Android RIM WP iOS Android RIM WP iOS Android RIM WP
Q3 2013 [56] 35.9% 57.3% 1% 4.6% 14.6% 71.9% 2.3% 9.8% 13.8% 81.1% 0.1% 2.5% 32.9% 55.3% 1.3% 9.3%
Q2 2013 [57] 42.5% 51.5% 1.1% 4% 18.5% 69.8% 2.2% 6.9% 24.7% 67.8% 0.1% 4.9% 27.6% 64.6% 0.3% 5.3%
Q1 2013 [58] 43.7% 49.3% 0.9% 5.6% 19.4% 68.8% 2.7% 6.5% 24.6% 69.4% 0.3% 2% 31% 61.7% 0.5% 4.1%
Q4 2012 [59] 51.2% 44.2% 1.1% 2.6% 25.6% 61.1% 4% 5.4% 21.9% 72.5% 0% 0.9% 38.4% 55.8% 0.5% 2.8%
Q3 2012 [60] 35.7% 57.5% 2.1% 2.9% 16.5% 67.1% 5.9% 4.9% 18.6% 65.2% 0.1% 5.7% 23.2% 67.1% 0.6% 4.9%
Q2 2012 [57] 39.2% 52.6% 4% 2.9% 16.2% 64.5% 7% 4.7% 26.7% 60.7% 0% 6.2% 27.5% 60.8% 1.3% 5.2%
Q1 2012 [58] 44.6% 47.9% 2.6% 3.7% 20.4% 58.1% 8.1% 4.1% 33.8% 52.9% 0.8% 3.3%

Outlook

IDC predicted high Android market share at the expense of other platforms in year 2012, but that from year 2013 to 2016, iOS and Android would stop gaining market share, while Windows Phone would rise to third place.[61][62] A similar trend was also predicted by DigiTimes Research.[63] A more recent study by Canalys predicted that in 2017 Android market share would slightly decline, iOS would decline more, and Windows Phone would grow but not catch up with iOS.[64] IDC predicts that Windows Phone will not reach double digit market share until 2017.[65]

Mobile internet traffic share

As of November 2013, mobile data usage showed 55.17% of mobile data traffic to be from iOS, 33.89% from Android, 4.49% from Java ME (Nokia S40), 4.12% from Symbian, 1.65% from Windows Phone and 1% from BlackBerry.[66] Internet Explorer Mobile can be switched to “Desktop view” by users, which identifies devices as Internet Explorer 9.0 on Windows 7, causing case mobile usage to be excluded in these statistics.

See also

References

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  2. ^ Jobs, Steve (2007-01-19). Macworld San Francisco 2007 Keynote Address. San Francisco: Apple, Inc.
  3. ^ Helft, Miguel (2007-11-05). "Google Enters the Wireless World". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
  4. ^ "Ubuntu phone OS announced, first devices shipping in early 2014".
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  7. ^ Balky carriers and slow OEMs step aside: Google is defragging Android. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
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  26. ^ 2010 Q4 contains insignificant part of Windows Phone devices
  27. ^ a b not including low cost devices
  28. ^ a b including low cost devices
  29. ^ 2011 Q2 and the more contains insignificant part of Windows Mobile devices
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  47. ^ including Bada OS
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  55. ^ including Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain
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  64. ^ Over 1 billion Android-based smart phones to ship in 2017 | Canalys
  65. ^ Windows Phone 2017 market share projection: 10% | BGR
  66. ^ "Mobile Data Usage". Retrieved 2013-04-01.
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