Chess opening book (computers)
Opening book is often used to describe the database of openings given to computer chess programs. Such programs are quite significantly enhanced through the provision of an electronic version of an opening book. This eliminates the need for the program to calculate the best lines during approximately the first ten moves of the game, where the positions are extremely open-ended and thus computationally expensive to evaluate. As a result it places the computer in a stronger position using considerably less resources than if it had to calculate the moves itself.
Design
By 1977, 14 of 16 entries in the second World Computer Chess Championship used opening books. (One of the contestants without a book, DARK HORSE, defeated opponent CHAOS in part by using a nonstandard N-QB3 opening.)[1]
Modern chess engines are designed to be controlled by a graphical user interface such as Winboard, ChessBase or Arena through the Universal Chess Interface protocol or Chess Engine Communication Protocol. In this case the opening book may often be specified in the GUI and then the GUI makes the moves from the opening book on behalf of the engine when the occasion arises.[2]
Format
Opening books used by computers are often in a binary undocumented or PGN format. Examples are ChessBase's .ctg format or Pgn Format and Arena's .abk format. One notable exception is the Polyglot book format which is fully documented and which is being implemented in an increasing number of programs.[3]
See also
- Modern Chess Openings
- Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings
- List of chess books
- Chess endgame literature
- Chess engine
- Computer chess
- Endgame tablebase
References
- ^ Jennings, Peter (January 1978). "The Second World Computer Chess Championships". BYTE. p. 108. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ A Beginner's Guide to building an opening book, http://www.horizonchess.com/FAQ/Winboard/openingbook.html, 16th June 2012
- ^ http://hardy.uhasselt.be/Toga/book_format.html