Representational systems and submodalities (NLP)
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Note: - NLP does not say it is 'always' this way, but rather that one should check whether reliable correlations seem to exist for an individual, and if so what they are
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Representational systems(also known as modalities and abbreviated to VAKOG or known as the 4-tuple) is a Neuro-linguistic programming model that examines how the human mind processes information. It states that for practical purposes, information is (or can be treated as if) processed through the senses. Thus one talks to oneself (the auditory sense), one makes pictures in ones head when thinking or dreaming (the visual sense), and one experiences feelings in the body and emotions (known as the kinesthetic sense).
NLP holds it as crucial in human cognitive processing to recognize that the subjective character of experience is stringly tied into, and influenced by, how memories and perceptions are processed within each sense, in the mind. It considers that expressions such as "Its all misty" or "I can't get a grip on it", can often not be vague social expressions, but precise literal unconscious descriptions from within those sensory systems, indicating unconsciously where a person's mind perceives a problem in its handling of some mental event.
Within NLP, the various senses in their role as information processors, are known as "representation systems", or modalities. Within each, the various parameters with which sensory data is coded are known as submodalities. The model itself is known as the VAGOG model (from the initial letters of each of the five senses), or since taste and smell are so closely connected, a description of some mental impression in sensory terms is sometimes known as its 4-tuple, meaning, its 4 way sensory based description.
More
NLP's representational systems model examines the verbal and non-verbal cues that people exhibit in their behavioral patterns. Certain patterns existing between the sensory modalities, primarily visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (touch), and sometimes taste and olfaction (smell).
The use of the various modalities can be indentified based by learning to respond to subtle shifts in breathing, body posture, accessing cues, gestures, eye movements and language patterns such as sensory predicates. [1][2]
When we think about the world or about our past experiences we represent those things inside our heads. For example, think about the holiday you went on last year. Did you see a picture of where you went, tell yourself a story about what you did, feel the sun on your back and the wind in your hair? Can you bring to mind the smell of your favourite flower or the taste of a favourite meal?
Key for chart:
- (V)isual: "I can imagine the big picture"
- (A)uditory: "Let's tone down the discussion"
- (K)inesthetic: "I can grasp a hold of it"
- (A)uditory (i)nternal (d)ialogue: "I can grasp a hold of it"
- (r)ecall/(c)onstruct: Eye movements to the left or right tend to indicate if a memory was remembered (past) or constructed (future)
NLP proponents found that pacing and leading the various cues tended to build rapport, and allowed people to communicate more effectively. Exercises in NLP training involve learning how to calibrate and respond to the various cues in real time. [citation needed]
The co-founders of NLP, Bandler and Grinder identified pattern of relationship between the sensory-based language people use in general conversation, and for example, their eye movement cues [3].
4-tuple, VAKOG, First Access
The 4-tuple, <V, A, K, O> is used to denote the 4 primary representational systems (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Gustatory/Olfactory). It is also known as First Access (John Grinder)[4], or primary experience (Freud).
Criticism
The NLP developers, Robert Dilts et al. [1]proposed that eye movements (and sometimes gestures) correspond to accessing cues for representations systems, and connected it to specific regions in the brain. [citation needed] Sharpley [5]found little support for preferred representational system (PRS), which is observed in the choice of words or direction of eye movements.
Differentiation within modalities
NLP modalities (also referred to as Senses, Perception, Sensory systems) in Neuro-linguistic programming are divided into:
- Location: on the left, right, top, bottom
- Color
- Shape: convex, concave, straight, curved, sharp,
- Movement: photo, slideshow, video ...
- Examples: Image (picture), painting, poster, drawing
Olfactory/Gustatory
The senses are closely related to VAK or VARK learning styles. While discussing the learning styles some scientists also add the fourth group:
- Learning by processing text
See also
External links
Notes and References
- ^ a b Dilts, Robert B, Grinder, John, Bandler, Richard & DeLozier, Judith A. (1980). [. Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Volume I - The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience]. Meta Publications, 1980. . pp. pp.3-4, 6, 14, 17. .
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Check|url=value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Dilts, Robert B, DeLozier, Judith A (2000). Encyclopedia of Systemic Neuro-Linguistic Programming and NLP New Coding. NLP Univsersity Press. pp. p.75, 383, 729, 938–943, 1003, 1300, 1303. ISBN 0970154003.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); External link in|Url=|Url=ignored (|url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bandler, Richard & John Grinder (1979). [- Frogs into Princes: Neuro Linguistic Programming]. Moab, UT: Real People Press. pp. p.15, 24, 30, 45, 52. -.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Check|url=value (help) - ^ Grinder, John & Carmen Bostic St Clair (2001.). Whispering in the Wind. CA: J & C Enterprises. pp. 127, 171, 222, ch.3, Appendix. -.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|year=(help)CS1 maint: year (link) - ^ Sharpley C.F. (1987). "Research Findings on Neuro-linguistic Programming: Non supportive Data or an Untestable Theory". Communication and Cognition. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1987 Vol. 34, No. 1: 103–107, 105.