User:Bokkyu Kim/sandbox

Assignment 4

Figure 2. The trend of increase in publications in 'Motor Learning using fMRI technique'

Figure 3. The trend of increase in publications in 'Motor Learning using TMS technique'

The number of publication in Motor Learning after Stroke area has been increased recently. I think there are few reasons why this area is growing.

First, there were few key research papers which open the door for this area. Nudo et al. (1996) ^[1] suggested that functional reorganization occurs in the motor cortex of adult monkeys after a focal ischemic brain injury after physical training. After this paper was published, many studies in neurologic rehabilitation domain focused on the neuroplasticity after stroke. Also, Krakauer (2006)^[2] published a nice review paper about the relationship between motor learning and functional recovery after stroke. Before these papers were published, most of rehabilitation treatment for individuals after stroke was related to reducing spasticity and improving range of motion. On the other hand, the concept of rehabilitation treatment for post-stroke individuals changed to more active training to facilitate neuroplasticity and skill acquisition.

Second, emerging new technology in neuroimage could be a possible reason why the motor learning after stroke area is growing. Neuroimaging techniques such as function Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) allow to explore the brain, and help to research the changes in the brain after rehabilitative training for individuals after stroke. These neuroimaging techniques have been used since early 1990's, but researchers started using these techniques more for motor learning study in early 2000's.

References

^ Nudo, RJ (1996 Jun 21). "Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct". Science (New York, N.Y.). 272 (5269): 1791–4. PMID 8650578. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Krakauer, JW (2006 Feb). "Motor learning: its relevance to stroke recovery and neurorehabilitation". Current opinion in neurology. 19 (1): 84–90. PMID 16415682. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[1] Nudo, RJ (1996 Jun 21). "Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct". Science (New York, N.Y.). 272 (5269): 1791–4. PMID 8650578. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[2] Krakauer, JW (2006 Feb). "Motor learning: its relevance to stroke recovery and neurorehabilitation". Current opinion in neurology. 19 (1): 84–90. PMID 16415682. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

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