Color Naming System
The Color Naming System (CNS) is a systematic notation for named colors for computer applications using English terms created by Berk et al. in 1982.[1]
System
CNS uses ten color names, three of which (black, white, gray) are special, and has them combined or prefixed with several modifiers.
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The system expressed in Backus–Naur Form looks something like this:.[2][3]
named-color := gray-color | chromatic-color
gray-color := 'black' | 'white' | lightness gray
gray := 'gray' | 'grey'
chromatic-color := [ tint | shade ] hue | [ lightness || saturation ]? hue
tint := 'whitish' | 'pale' | 'brilliant' | 'vivid'
shade := 'blackish' | 'dim' | 'deep' | 'vivid'
saturation := 'grayish' | 'moderate' | 'strong' | 'vivid'
lightness := 'moderate' | 'very'? [ 'dark' | 'light' ]
hue := splash-color? base-color | base-color '-' base-color
base-color := 'red' | 'orange' | 'brown' | 'yellow' | 'green' | 'blue' | 'purple'
splash-color := 'reddish' | 'orangish' | 'brownish' | 'yellowish' | 'greenish' | 'bluish' | 'purplish'
Derivations
There have been variations of the CNS proposed for inclusion into CSS that are more compatible with existing schemes.[4]
color := [saturation || lightness || transparency] hue
saturation := absolute-saturation | relative-saturation
absolute-saturation := [modifier '-']? [ 'dull' | 'bright' ]
modifier := 'extra' | 'semi'
relative-saturation := 'duller' | 'brighter'
lightness := absolute-lightness | relative-lightness
absolute-lightness := [modifier '-']? [ 'dark' | 'light'
relative-lightness := 'lighter' | 'darker'
transparency := ['semi' '-']? [ 'opaque' | 'transparent']
hue := prime | general | special
prime := 'red' | 'green' | 'blue' | 'cyan' | 'magenta' | 'yellow' | 'white' | 'black'
general := 'navy' | 'lime' | 'teal' | 'aqua' | 'maroon' | 'purple' | 'fuchsia' | 'olive' | 'gray' | 'silver'
special := special-named | special-composite
special-named := 'pink' | 'brown' | 'tan' | 'orange'
special-composite := 'yellow-green' | 'green-cyan' | 'cyan-blue' | 'blue-magenta' | 'magenta-red' | …
References
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1109/MCG.1982.1674223, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1109/MCG.1982.1674223instead. - ^ Tab Atkins Jr.: The CNS Color Naming System on adding CNS to CSS Color level 4
- ^ "CNS". Crissov. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ Benjamin D. Gray (May 2002). "New CSS3 Color Names".