Reprogramming (biology)
In biology, reprogramming is the process and technique by which induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are created from mature cells such as adult fibroblasts. This allows the production of stem cells for biomedical research, such as research into stem cell therapies, without the use of embryos. It is carried out by the transfection of stem-cell associated genes into mature cells using viral vectors such as retroviruses, and was first achieved by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006. The factors, which were subsequently named the Yamanaka factors, are Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc.[1] Other combinations of genes have also been used.[2]
In 2012, Yamanaka and John Gurdon were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for the discovery that "mature, specialised cells can be reprogrammed to become immature cells capable of developing into all tissues of the body."[3]
References
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024instead. - ^ Baker, Monya (2007-12-06). "Adult cells reprogrammed to pluripotency, without tumors". Nature Reports Stem Cells. doi:10.1038/stemcells.2007.124. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – 2012 Press Release". Nobel Media AB. 8 October 2012.
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