Batson venous plexus
| Batson venous plexus | |
|---|---|
| Anatomical terminology |
The Batson venous plexus (Batson veins) is a network of valveless veins in the human body that connect the deep pelvic veins and thoracic veins (draining the inferior end of the urinary bladder, breast and prostate) to the internal vertebral venous plexuses.[1] Because of their location and lack of valves, they are believed to provide a route for the spread of cancer metastases.[2][3][4] These metastases commonly arise from cancer of the pelvic organs such as the rectum[5] and prostate[6] and may spread to the vertebral column or brain.[7][8] There is less evidence of spread of cancers from extra-pelvic origins, such as lung cancer.[9] The plexus is named after anatomist Oscar Vivian Batson, who first described it in 1940.[2] Batson's plexus is part of the Cerebrospinal Venous System.
Batson's venous plexus may also allow the spread of infection in a similar manner. Urinary tract infections like pyelonephritis have been shown to spread to cause osteomyelitis of the vertebrae via this route. The osteomyelitis in such a case will resolve concurrently with the same antibiotic that treats the urinary tract infection because both infections are from the same organism.
References
- ^ Wiltse LL; Fonseca AS; Amster J; Dimartino P; Ravessoud FA. (1993-06-15). "Relationship of the dura, Hofmann's ligaments, Batson's plexus, and a fibrovascular membrane lying on the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies and attaching to the deep layer of the posterior longitudinal ligament. An anatomical, radiologic, and clinical study". Spine. 18 (8): 1030–43. doi:10.1097/00007632-199306150-00013. PMID 8367771.
{{cite journal}}: More than one of|number=and|issue=specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Batson OV (1940 Jul). "The function of the vertebral veins and their role in the spread of metastasis". Annals of Surgery. 112 (1): 138–49. doi:10.1097/00000658-194007000-00016. PMC 1387927. PMID 17857618.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); More than one of|number=and|issue=specified (help) - ^ Onuigbo WI (1975). "Batson's theory of vertebral venous metastasis: a review". Oncology. 32 (3–4): 145–50. doi:10.1159/000225060. PMID 1221328.
{{cite journal}}: More than one of|number=and|issue=specified (help) - ^ Zeccolini R; Salvi V (1981 Apr). "Sulla diffusione delle metastasi attraverso il circolo di Batson. (On the spread of metastases through Batson's circle)". La Radiologia Medica. 67 (4): 257–8. PMID 7313162.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); More than one of|number=and|issue=specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Mathew P; Fleming D; Adegboyega PA (2000 Aug). "Myelophthisis as a solitary manifestation of failure from rectal carcinoma. A Batson phenomenon?". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 124 (8): 1228–30.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Geldof AA (1997 May-Jun). "Models for cancer skeletal metastasis: a reappraisal of Batson's plexus". Anticancer Research. 17 (3A): 1535–9. PMID 9179192.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); More than one of|number=and|issue=specified (help) - ^ D'Agostino G, Bigotti A, Pace G (1967 May-Jun). "Importanza del plesso di Batson nella determinazione di metastasi cerebrali isolate. (Importance of Batson's plexus in the determination of isolated cerebral metastases)". Tumori. 53 (3): 237–43. PMID 6051938.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); More than one of|number=and|issue=specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Oneç B; Oksüzoğlu B; Hatipoğlu HG; Oneç K; Azak A; Zengin N (2007 Jul). "Cavernous sinus syndrome caused by metastatic colon carcinoma". Clinical Colorectal Cancer. 6 (8): 593–6. doi:10.3816/CCC.2007.n.028. PMID 17681107.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); More than one of|number=and|issue=specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Onuigbo WI (1977 Nov-Dec). "Paradoxical position of vertebral veins in cancer carriage". Medical Hypotheses. 3 (6): 267–9. doi:10.1016/0306-9877(77)90036-6. PMID 593185.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); More than one of|number=and|issue=specified (help)
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