Specificity constant

The specificity constant ( $k_{cat}/K_{M}$ ), sometimes referred to as the kinetic efficiency, is a measure of the efficiency of an enzyme because the rate of the reaction directly varies with how frequently enzyme and substrate meet and how efficiently they bind in a solution. The specificity constant is a very useful kinetic value as it identifies the best substrate for a particular enzyme, in other words the specificity of an enzyme for a substrate. The Michaelis dissociation constant ( $K_{M}$ ) reflects how well enzyme and substrate interact while the catalytic constant ( $k_{cat}$ ) reflects the maximum rate of product formation (how fast the enzyme works). Since the maximum rate of product formation depends on how well the enzyme and substrate bind, its upper limit is the rate of enzyme and substrate binding ( $k_{f}$ ). A kinetically perfect enzyme can bind its substrate at just below the rate of diffusion. By extension the upper limit of the catalytic constant is a little below the rate of diffusion (~10⁸M^-1s^-1). A small $K_{M}$ reflects a tighter/better interaction between the substrate and enzyme. Therefore a large specificity constant reflects better enzyme efficiency.

E+S\,{\overset {k_{f}}{\underset {k_{r}}{\rightleftharpoons }}}\,ES\,{\overset {k_{cat}}{\longrightarrow }}\,E+P

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See

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References

^ Voet, D.; Voet, J.G.; Pratt, C.W. (2008). Principles of Biochemistry (3. ed. ed.). Wiley. pp. 366–372. ISBN 978-0470233962. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)

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[voet08-1] Voet, D.; Voet, J.G.; Pratt, C.W. (2008). Principles of Biochemistry (3. ed. ed.). Wiley. pp. 366–372. ISBN 978-0470233962. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)

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