RoboBee
RoboBee is a tiny robot capable of flight.
Design challenges
Designing on a millimeter scale created a number of unique challenges. Engineers had to figure out how to build without nuts and bolts which are not viable on such a small scale. To solve the problem, they figured out how to cut designs from flat sheets and fold them into shape. Glue was used to hold the folded parts together. Project co-lead Pakpong Chirarattananon described the process as being a bit like origami.[1]
Turbulence proved to be more difficult to overcome at the micro scale. For the wings, the researchers a piezoelectric actuator - a think ceramic strip that contracts when electric current is run across it. The design allows the wings to flap 120 times per second.[1]
As of 2013, two problems remain unsolved. First, RoboBee is too small to for even the smallest microchips, meaning there is no way for the robots to make decisions. Second, the researchers haven't figured out how to get a power supply on board. Instead the robots have to be tethered to tiny power cords.[1]
Future use
If researchers are able to solve the microchip and power issues, it is believed that RoboBee will be highly useful in search and rescue efforts. It is also possible they could serve as artificial pollinators.[1]
Technical specifications
RoboBee's wings span just 3 centimetres (1.2 in), which is believed to be the smallest man-made wingspan to achieve flight. RoboBee weighs 80 milligrams (0.0028 oz).[1]