Error detection and correction
In computer science and information theory, a term to describe methods to detect and correct errors in the transmission or storage of data by the use of some amount of redundant data and (in the case of transmission) the selective retransmission of incorrect segments of that data.
Error correction methods are chosen depending on the error characteristics of the transmission or storage medium, such that errors are almost always detected and corrected with a minimum of redundant data stored or sent.