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This table compares features of container formats. To see which multimedia players support which container format, look at comparison of media players.

Information

Name and file ext., if diff. Proprietor/ Developer License (free?) Var. bit rate audio Var. frame rate Chapters Captions (Subtitles) Video formats Audio formats Metadata /Tags Menu Support (like DVD) Streaming Hardware support
Advanced Systems Format (.wmv, .asf, .wma) Microsoft No, Prop./ pat. Yes Yes Yes Yes Almost any thru VFW or DMO; H.264/AVC is prob. Almost any thru ACM or DMO; Vorbis is prob. Yes No Yes Yes
AVI Microsoft ? Yes[1] Yes[2] Yes, via third party mod Yes, via third party mod Almost any thru VFW; H.264/AVC is prob. due to the limited B-frame support[3] Almost any thru ACM; Vorbis is prob. [4] Yes through RIFF chunks No Yes Yes
FLV (Flash Video) Adobe Systems No, Pat. ? Yes No No Sorenson, VP6, Screen Video, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC[5][6] MP3, Nellymoser, ADPCM, Linear PCM, AAC,[7] Speex[8] Yes No Yes ?
Matroska (.mkv, .mk3d, .mka, .mks) CoreCodec, Inc.[9] Yes, Freely licensed[10] Yes[11] Yes[11] Yes[12] Yes[13] Virt. any Virt. any Yes[14] under dev. by CoreCodec[15] Yes[16] Yes[17]
MP4 MPEG No, Pat. Yes Yes 1) In specially formatted text track (QuickTime); 2) In userdata atom (started by Nero Digital) can't interact with the scene-Description, or via segment-Descriptor ttxt, VobSubs with private object-Type-Indication not usable with the scene-Description (started by Nero), BIFS MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-4 ASP, H.264/ MPEG-4 AVC, H.263, VC-1, Dirac, others[18] MPEG-2/4 (HE)-AAC, MPEG-1/2 Layers I, II, III (MP3), AC-3, Apple Lossless, ALS, SLS, Vorbis(with private object-Type-Indication), others[18] Yes Yes Yes Yes
Proprietor/ Developer License (free?) Var. bit rate audio Var. frame rate Chapters Captions (Subtitles) Video formats Audio formats Metadata/Tags Menu Support (like DVD) Streaming Hardware support
MPEG Video File (.mpg, .mpeg, .mp1, .mp2) MPEG No, Pat. Yes Yes No No MPEG-1, MPEG-2[19] MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), other formats only in private streams: LPCM[20] No No Yes Yes
Ogg (.ogg, .ogv) Xiph.org Yes, Free software impl. avail. Yes Yes Yes Ogg Writ, Ogg Kate Theora, Dirac, OggUVS, MNG and others,[21][22] and almost anything else via VFW Vorbis, FLAC, Speex, Opus, OggPCM,[21][22] and almost any else via ACM CMML, Ogg Skeleton, Vorbis comment[23] No Yes Yes
QuickTime (.mov, .qt) Apple No, Prop, Yes Yes Yes Yes Limited to what is available to the QuickTime codec manager Limited to what is available to Sound Manager or CoreAudio Yes Yes Yes Yes
VOB+IFO DVD Forum No, Prop. Yes Yes Yes Yes MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-1 Part 2 AC-3, Linear PCM, DTS, MPEG-2 Part 3, MPEG-1 Layer II No Yes No Yes
WebM WebM Project Yes, perpetual license grant to patents Yes Yes No No, but support for embedding WebVTT is under consid'n[24] VP8[25] Vorbis No No Yes[26] Yes[27]
Proprietor/ Developer License (free?) Var. bit rate audio Var. frame rate Chapters Captions (Subtitles) Video formats Audio formats Metadata/Tags Menu Support (like DVD) Streaming Hardware support

Formats supported

Audio formats supported

Lossy compression Lossless compression
MP3 WMA RealAudio Vorbis Opus Musepack AAC AC-3 DTS PCM APE FLAC ALAC WavPack MLP / Dolby TrueHD DTS-HD
QuickTime Yes Yes No Yes ? No Yes Yes ? Yes No Yes Yes ? No No
AVI Yes Yes No not officially ? No Yes [28] Yes Yes Yes No No No No No ?
Matroska Yes Yes Yes Yes No Scheduled [29] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
MP4 Yes Yes No not officially ? ? Yes Yes [30] Yes No No No Yes No No No
MXF Yes No No ? ? ? Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes
Ogg Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No

Video formats supported

MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4 (A)SP H.264/MPEG-4 AVC VC-1/WMV RealVideo Theora Microsoft MPEG4 V2 VP8 MVC
QuickTime Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ? Yes ? ? ?
AVI Yes Yes Yes Problematic, limited B-frame support[3] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ?
OGM Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ? Yes ? ? ?
Matroska Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[31]
MP4 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[32] No No ? ? Yes
MXF Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No ? ? ? ?

Caption (Subtitle) formats supported

QuickTime AVI OGM Matroska MP4 MXF
AQTitle ? No ? ? ? ?
JACOSub [33] ? No ? ? ? ?
MicroDVD ? No No ? ? ?
MPEG-4 Timed Text ? No ? ? Yes ?
MPSub ? No ? ? ? ?
Ogg Kate ? No Yes Yes[34] ? ?
Ogg Writ ? No Yes ? ? ?
Phoenix Subtitle ? No ? ? ? ?
PowerDivX ? No ? ? ? ?
RealText [35] ? No ? ? ? ?
SAMI ? ? ? ? ? ?
Structured Subtitle Format ? ? ? ? ? ?
SubRip ? Yes, via third party modifications Yes Yes Yes ?
Gloss Subtitle ? No ? ? ? ?
(Advanced) SubStation Alpha ? Yes, via third party modifications ? Yes Yes ?
SubViewer ? ? ? ? ? ?
Universal Subtitle Format ? No ? Yes ? ?
VobSub ? ? ? Yes [36] ? ?
XSUB ? via DivX ? ? ? ?

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ ACM cannot handle VBR audio streams in AVI files. Thus, software using ACM to read audio from AVI files will not be able to handle VBR audio streams correctly, even though such files are compliant to the AVI file spec.. This is a limit of the ACM, not of the AVI file format.
  2. ^ Although AVI is not designed for variable frame rates, it is possible to use them without creating a non-standard file by using 0-byte chunks for skipped frames. However it requires frame rate to be set to Least common multiple of all frame rates used, and produces slight overhead compared to true VFR.
  3. ^ a b Thru an updated x264/ffdshow filter it is possible to view H.264 in an AVI file.
  4. ^ Although FFmpeg has intro'ed a solution to put Vorbis audio into AVI files, this "extension" is not compatible with existing Vorbis decoders for DirectShow and ACM. Putting Vorbis in an AVI container is very prob. The way Nandub stored Vorbis audio streams in AVI files occasionally caused desychronisation when seeking.
  5. ^ H.264/MPEG-4 AVC support is available in Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 3 (version 9.0.115.0 from December 2007) press release
  6. ^ H.264/MPEG-4 AVC What just happened to video on the web? [1]
  7. ^ AAC support is available in Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 3 (version 9.0.115.0 from December 2007) press release
  8. ^ Adobe Systems Incorporated (November 2008). "Video File Format Specification, Version 10" (PDF). Adobe Systems Incorporated: 6. Retrieved 2009-08-03. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) [dead link]
  9. ^ Although CoreCodec holds the copyrights and trademarks for the Matroska spec, the specs are open to everybody. The source code of the libraries developed by the Matroska team is licensed under the LGPL and BSD licenses.
  10. ^ a b Matroska is designed to store VBR and VFR content. http://www.matroska.org/technical/guides/faq/index.html
  11. ^ Matroska supports simple chapters and nested chapters. http://www.matroska.org/technical/specs/chapters/index.html
  12. ^ Matroska subtitle specification. http://www.matroska.org/technical/specs/subtitles/index.html
  13. ^ The tagging system of Matroska http://www.matroska.org/technical/specs/tagging/index.html
  14. ^ Matroska Menu Specifications
  15. ^ For Matroska, there are two diff. kinds of stream: file access and live streaming. http://www.matroska.org/technical/streaming/index.html
  16. ^ Companies producing Matroska-supporting hardware include Asus (ASUS Digital Media Player), OPPO Digital (Oppodigital.com OPPO BDP-83 Blue-ray Disc Player), Panasonic (Gizmodo.com, Samsung's 2009 HDTV Lineup Leaked), and LG (Asia.cnet.com How to select the right LG HDTV)
  17. ^ a b mp4ra.org — MP4 Reg. authority. "Registered types — Codecs, MPEG-4 Registration authority". Retrieved 2009-07-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference iso13818 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference mpeg-dvd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b "MIME Types and File Extensions". XiphWiki. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
  21. ^ a b "RFC 5334 — Ogg Media Types". IETF. 2008-09. Retrieved 2009-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "Ogg Metadata". Xiph Wiki. 2005-12-20. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
  23. ^ Specification for embed WebVTT in a WebM container is in the works.
  24. ^ WebM limits support to VP8 and vorbis.
  25. ^ WebM is focused on addressing the unique needs of serving video on the web.
  26. ^ Rockchip demonstrated full WebM hardware playback.
  27. ^ There is a value in the stream headers, called dwSampleSize, which is 0 in order to trigger VBR stream seeking. This is officially documented in the MSDN and not a hack, bug or whatever. The way MP3-VBR and AAC are stored in AVI are specified and completely compliant with the AVI file specification.
  28. ^ Possible, but not implemented at this date. The developers are awaiting the release of Musepack 8.x, as this version will completely change the bitstream.
  29. ^ According to "ETSI TS 102 366 v1.2.1 - Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, Enhanced AC-3) Standard, Annex F"
  30. ^ Stereo 3D in Matroska can be handled with codecs like MVC.
  31. ^ As specified by SMPTE Recommended Practices 2025–2007, "VC-1 Bitstream Storage in the ISO Base Media File Format."
  32. ^ http://unicorn.us.com/jacosub/jscripts.html
  33. ^ https://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge.html#mkvmerge.subtitles
  34. ^ http://service.real.com/help/library/guides/realtext/realtext.htm
  35. ^ The requirement for muxing VobSub into matroska is v7 subtitles.
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