ASTRAL propagation model
The Astral propagation model began as a model for predicting range-smoothed (over 30–40 nm) propagation loss (PL) in a range dependent environment in the late 1970s and was developed by C. W. Spoffard.[1] A convergence zone and surface duct capability was added[2] in the mid-1980's, after which it underwent testing by the US Navy along with range dependent Raymode and the Parabolic Equation (PE) model. As a result of these tests, ASTRAL became one of the official US Navy's range dependent PL models along with PE.
References
- ^ C. W. Spofford, ASTRAL Model, Vol. I: Technical Description, Report SAI-79-742-WA, January 1979.
- ^ D. White, ASTRAL 2.0: A Preliminary Report, Surface Ducts and Convergence Zone Modifications, Report SAIC-86/6562, December 1986
Further reading
L. S. Blumen and C. W. Spofford, ASTRAL Model, Vol. II: Software Implementation, Report SAI-79-743-WA, January 1979.