Alef (programming language)
| Paradigm | compiled, concurrent, structured |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Phil Winterbottom |
| First appeared | 1992 |
| Typing discipline | Static, strong |
| OS | Plan 9 from Bell Labs |
| Influenced by | |
| C, Newsqueak | |
| Influenced | |
| Limbo, Rust, Go | |
Alef was a concurrent programming language, designed as part of the Plan 9 operating system by Phil Winterbottom of Bell Labs. It implemented the channel-based concurrency model of Newsqueak in a compiled, C-like language.
History
Alef appeared in the first and second editions of Plan 9, but was abandoned during development of the third edition.[1][2] Rob Pike later explained Alef's demise by pointing to its lack of automatic memory management, despite Pike's and other people's urging Winterbottom to add garbage collection to the language;[3] also, in a February 2000 slideshow, Pike noted: “…although Alef was a fruitful language, it proved too difficult to maintain a variant language across multiple architectures, so we took what we learned from it and built the thread library for C.”[citation needed]
Alef was superseded by two programming environments. The Limbo programming language can be considered a direct successor of Alef and is the most commonly used language in the Inferno operating system. The Alef concurrency model was replicated in the third edition of Plan 9 in the form of the libthread library, which makes some of Alef's functionality available to C programs and allowed existing Alef programs (such as Acme) to be translated.[4]
Example
This example was taken from the Alef reference manual.[1] The piece illustrates the use of tuple data type.
(int, byte*, byte)
func()
{
return (10, "hello", ’c’);
}
void
main()
{
int a;
byte* str;
byte c;
(a, str, c) = func();
}
See also
References
- ^ a b
Winterbottom, Phil (1995). "Alef Language Reference Manual". Plan 9 Programmer's Manual: Volume Two. Murray Hill: AT&T.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^
"Preface to the Third (2000) Edition". Plan 9 Manual. Murray Hill: Bell Labs. June 2000.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); External link in|sectionurl=|sectionurl=ignored (|section-url=suggested) (help) - ^ [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DtUzH3zoFo Origins of Go concurrency style. Talk by Pike at OSCON's Emerging Languages Camp 2010.
- ^
"thread(2)". Plan 9 Manual.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); External link in|sectionurl=|sectionurl=ignored (|section-url=suggested) (help)
- Flandrena, Bob (1995). "Alef Users' Guide". Plan 9 Programmer's Manual: Volume Two. Murray Hill: Bell Labs.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Phil Winterbottom (1992-10-20). "Plan9 VM". Newsgroup: comp.os.research. 1c1denINN441@darkstar.UCSC.EDU.
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