Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources

The Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources, commonly known as CAMPFIRE, is a pioneering Zimbabwean community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) program. It is among the first programs to consider wildlife as renewable, natural resources, and to allocate its ownership to indigenous peoples in and around conservation protected areas.

United States involvement

The US federal government has invested significant resources in CAMPFIRE, principally through USAID. By 1997 a total of $7 million had been donated. As the some of the policy positions of the organization conflicted with US legislation, particularly on the question of the legality of marketing products from endangered species, this created controversy in US politics.

Results

At one point, CAMPFIRE leadership chose to invest communal development funds from tourism revenue to build a beer hall.

See also

• Integrated Conservation and Development Project

References

• Satchell, Michael (1996-11-25). "Save the elephants: Start shooting them". U.S. News & World Report. p. 51. ISSN 0041-5537.
• Fortmann, Louise (2005). "What We Need is a Community Bambi: The Perils and Possibilities of Powerful Symbols". Communities and Conservation: Histories and Politcs of Communit-Based Natural Resource Management (PDF). Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira. pp. 195–205. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
• Vorlaufer, Karl (2002-04-01). "CAMPFIRE — The Political Ecology of Poverty Alleviation, Wildlife Utilisation and Biodiversity Conservation in Zimbabwe (CAMPFIRE — Die Politische Ökologie der Armutsbekämpfung, Wildtiernutzung und des Biodiversitäts-schutzes in Zimbabwe)". Erdkunde. 56 (2): 184–206. doi:10.2307/25647452. ISSN 0014-0015. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
• Press, Robert (1993-06-22). "Wildlife Protection Gets a Tough Probe". Christian Science Monitor. pp. page 13. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2012-11-29. {{cite news}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
• Schouten, Fredreka (2000-01-20). "African trip draws criticism". USA Today (FINAL ed.). ISSN 0734-7456. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
• Rowe, Peter (1997-05-08). "Stampeding toward ivory and irony". San Diego Union-Tribune (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 ed.). pp. E-1. ISSN 1063-102X. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
• Archabald, Karen (2001). "Tourism revenue-sharing around national parks in Western Uganda: early efforts to identify and reward local communities". Environmental Conservation. 28 (02): 135–149. doi:10.1017/S0376892901000145. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)