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List of cathemeral and crepuscular species

intro: study explanation: ocular orbit def, def crepuscular & cathemeral Squamates

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• Common Swift, Apus apus

Aquatic and shorebirds

• Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
• Common Snipe, Gallinago gallinago

Freshwater

• Divine Comedy Wood Duck, Aix sponsa
• Northern Pintail, Anas acuta
• American Wigeon, Anas americana
• Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
• Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias
• Tundra Swan, Cygnus columbianus
• Virginia Rail, Rallus limicola

Marine

• Willet, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
• Southern Royal Albatross, Diomedea epomophora
• Northern Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis
• European Herring Gull, Larus argentatus
• California Gull, Larus californicus
• Common Gull, Larus canus
• Magellanic Diving Petrel, Pelecanoides magellani
• Common Diving Petrel, Pelecanoides urinatrix
• Laysan Albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis
• Black Skimmer, Rynchops niger
• South Polar Skua, Stercorarius maccormicki
• Red-footed Booby, Sula sula

Flightless

• Emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae
• Bulwer's Pheasant, Lophura bulweri
• Grey Partridge, Perdix perdix
• Ostrich, Struthio camelus

Grouse

• Dusky Grouse, Dendragapus obscurus
• Willow Ptarmigan, Lagopus lagopus

Nightjars

• Chuck-will's-widow, Caprimulgus carolinensis
• Lesser Nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis
• Common Nighthawk, Chordeiles minor

Raptors

• Wedge-tailed Eagle, Aquila audax
• Golden Eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
• Burrowing Owl, Athene cunicularia
• Ferruginous Hawk, Buteo regalis
• Prairie Falcon, Falco mexicanus
• Spectacled Owl, Pulsatrix perspicillata
• Tawny Owl, Strix aluco

Songbirds

• Orchard Oriole, Icterus spurius
• Nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus

Mammals

Aquatic mammals

Freshwater

• South Asian river dolphin, Platanista gangetica
• Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus

Marine

• Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus
• Whale, Balaenoptera maculata
• Northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus
• Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas
• Northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris
• Southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina
• Caribbean monk seal, Monachus tropicalis

Bats

• Seminole Bat, Lasiurus seminolus
• Southwestern Myotis bat, Myotis auriculus
• Western pipistrelle bat, Pipistrellus hesperus
• Dwarf Little Fruit Bat, Rhinophylla pumilio

Bears

• American black bear, Ursus americanus
• Brown bear, Ursus arctos

Canines

• Short-eared dog, Atelocynus microtis
• Golden jackal, Canis aureus
• Gray wolf, Canis lupus
• Domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris
• Black-backed jackal, Canis mesomelas
• Ethiopian wolf, Canis simensis
• Culpeo, Lycalopex culpaeus
• Darwin's fox, Lycalopex fulvipes
• Hoary fox, Lycalopex vetulus
• Bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalotis
• Island fox, Urocyon littoralis
• Corsac fox, Vulpes corsac

Felines

• Domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus
• Jungle cat, Felis chaus
• Kodkod, Leopardus guigna
• Serval, Leptailurus serval
• Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx
• Clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa
• Jaguar, Panthera onca
• Tiger, Panthera tigris
• Marbled cat, Pardofelis marmorata
• Iriomote cat, Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis
• Jaguarundi, Puma yagouaroundi

Hyenas

• Aardwolf, Proteles cristata

Marsupials

• Crest-tailed mulgara, Dasycercus cristicauda
• Southern hairy-nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus latifrons
• Gray short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica
• Dibbler, Parantechinus apicalis
• Red-legged pademelon, Thylogale stigmatica

Primates

• Mongoose lemur, Eulemur mongoz
• Golden bamboo lemur, Hapalemur aureus
• Eastern lesser bamboo lemur, Hapalemur griseus

Rodents and rodent-like mammals

• Zagros Mountains Mouse-like Hamster, Calomyscus bailwardi
• Capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
• Rock cavy, Kerodon rupestris
• Prehensile-tailed Hutia, Mysateles prehensilis

Gophers

• Chiriqui Pocket Gopher, Orthogeomys cavator
• Variable Pocket Gopher, Orthogeomys heterodus
• Buller's pocket gopher, Pappogeomys bulleri

Lagomorphs: hare, rabbit, pika

• Indian hare, Lepus nigricollis
• Alaskan hare, Lepus othus
• Mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii
• Steppe Pika, Ochotona pusilla
• Afghan Pika, Ochotona rufescens
• Turkestan Red Pika, Ochotona rutila

Rats and mice

• Azara's Akodont, Akodon azarae
• Hairy-tailed bolo mouse, Necromys lasiurus
• Bunny Rat, Reithrodon auritus
• Arizona cotton rat, Sigmodon arizonae

Shrews

• Northern Short-tailed Shrew, Blarina brevicauda
• Star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata
• North American Least Shrew, Cryptotis parva
• Short-tailed shrew tenrec, Microgale brevicaudata
• Dryad shrew tenrec, Microgale dryas
• Talazac's shrew tenrec, Microgale talazaci
• Four-toed elephant shrew, Petrodromus tetradactylus
• Checkered elephant shrew, Rhynchocyon cirnei
• Arctic Shrew, Sorex arcticus
• Smoky Shrew, Sorex fumeus
• Long-tailed Shrew, Sorex gaspensis
• American Pygmy Shrew, Sorex hoyi
• American Water Shrew, Sorex palustris
• Tundra Shrew, Sorex tundrensis

Squirrels

• Prevost's squirrel, Callosciurus prevostii
• Bobak marmot, Marmota bobak

Voles

• European Water Vole, Arvicola amphibius
• Sagebrush Vole, Lemmiscus curtatus
• California vole, Microtus californicus
• Prairie Vole, Microtus ochrogaster
• Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus
• Meadow Vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus
• Woodland Vole, Microtus pinetorum
• Northern Red-backed Vole, Myodes rutilus
• Steppe Lemming, Lagurus lagurus

Ungulates

• Horse, Equus ferus caballus

Anteltope and gazelle

• Pronghorn, Antilocapra americana
• Topi, Damaliscus korrigum
• Roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus
• Blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra
• Hirola, Beatragus hunteri
• Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus
• Mountain Nyala, Tragelaphus buxtoni
• Dorcas gazelle, Gazella dorcas
• Red-fronted gazelle, Gazella rufifrons
• Soemmerring's gazelle, Gazella soemmerringii
• Dama gazelle, Nanger dama
• Gemsbok, Oryx gazella

Bovine

• European bison, Bison bonasus
• Gaur, Bos gaurus
• Banteng, Bos javanicus
• Water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis
• African buffalo, Syncerus caffer

Deer

• Moose, Alces alces* Red deer, Cervus elaphus
• Fallow Deer, Dama dama
• Tufted deer, Elaphodus cephalophus
• Siberian musk deer, Moschus moschiferus
• Gongshan muntjac, Muntiacus gongshanensis
• Reeves's Muntjac, Muntiacus reevesi
• Giant Muntjac, Muntiacus vuquangensis
• White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus
• Mouflon sheep, Ovis aries orientalis
• Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
• Eld's deer, Rucervus eldii
• Visayan Spotted Deer, Rusa alfredi
• Javan Rusa, Rusa timorensis

Goat-antelope

• Barbary Sheep, Ammotragus lervia
• Takin, Budorcas taxicolor
• West Caucasian tur, Capra caucasica
• East Caucasian tur, Capra cylindricornis
• Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus

Goats and ibex

• Nubian ibex, Capra nubiana
• Walia ibex, Capra walie
• Himalayan tahr, Hemitragus jemlahicus

Megafauna

• African bush elephant, Loxodonta africana
• African forest elephant, Loxodonta cyclotis
• Giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis

Swine

• Collared peccary, Pecari tajacu
• Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus
• White-lipped peccary, Tayassu pecari

• Baird's tapir, Tapirus bairdii
• Malayan tapir, Tapirus indicus
• Mountain tapir, Tapirus pinchaque

Weasels

• Lesser grison, Galictis cuja
• Wolverine, Gulo gulo
• Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon
• Fisher, Martes pennanti
• Long-tailed weasel, Mustela frenata
• Least weasel, Mustela nivalis
• Domestic Ferret, Mustela putorius furo
• American badger, Taxidea taxus

Xenarthra

• Maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus
• Big hairy armadillo, Chaetophractus villosus
• Nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemci*nctus
• Northern tamandua, Tamandua mexicana

Snakes

• Rosy boa, Charina trivirgata
• Amazon Tree Boa, Corallus hortulanus
• Black-tailed Rattlesnake, Crotalus molossus
• Yellow Anaconda, Eunectes notaeus
• Western Hog-nosed Snake, Heterodon nasicus
• Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula
• Milk snake, Lampropeltis triangulum
• Pacific Gopher Snake, Pituophis catenifer
• Redbelly Snake, Storeria occipitomaculata
• Butler's Garter Snake, Thamnophis butleri
• Plains Garter Snake, Thamnophis radix
• Common European adder, Vipera berus