Traffic optimization
Traffic Optimization are the methods by which time stopped is reduced.
Need for traffic optimization
Texas Transportation Institute estimates travel delays of 220,000,000 hours all over the U.S. and between 17–55 hours of delay per person (in 2005)[1] relating to congestion on the streets. Traffic device optimization hence becomes a significant aspect of operations.
Techniques
Several techniques exist to reduce delay of traffic. Generally the algorithms attempt to reduce delays (user time), stops, emissions, or some other measure of effectiveness. Many optimization software are geared towards pretimed coordinated systems.
Real time traffic control
Several systems are capable of monitoring the traffic arrivals and adjusting timings based on the detected inputs. Traffic Detectors may range from Metal Detectors to Detectors that use Image Detection. Metal detectors are the most popular in use. Image detection devices exhibit numerous problems including degradation during bad weather and lighting.
Traffic actuated signal systems use detectors to adjust timing for:
- Only the main street - semi-actuated system
- Both main and cross streets - fully actuated system.
The above method is primitive real-time signal optimization at best. This method will optimize one traffic signal at a time. However, in the real world, a motorist's commute involves driving through multiple signals. Thus, multiple traffic signals need to be collectively synchronized in order to be effective. One such system that has gained significant popularity in the United States is InSync.
Criticism
It has been suggested that the benefits of traffic optimization have never been scientifically justified. It inherently favors motorized traffic over alternate modes such as pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit users and may promote more auto use.[2] It is suggested that an alternate approach could involve traffic calming, and a conceptual focus on the movement of people and goods rather than vehicles.
See also
References
- ^ http://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/congestion_data/tables/national/table_6.pdf
- ^ Michael J. Vandeman, "Is Traffic Signal Synchronization Justifiable?", April 15, 1994
External links
- Details of the ATM scheme
- Active Traffic Management in detail
- Explanation of the ATM scheme
- Universal Traffic Management Society of Japan (UTMS)
- SCATS Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System
InSync Adaptive Traffic Control System from Rhythm Engineering
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