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Serial memory processing

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Serial memory processing is the act of attending to and processing one item at a time. This is usually contrasted against parallel memory processing, which is the act of attending to and processing all items simultaneously. In short-term memory tasks, participants are given a set of items (i.e. letters, digits) one at a time and then, after varying periods of delay, are asked for recall of the items. As well, participants could be asked whether a specific target item was present in their original set. Serial memory processors would compare one item at a time, from their original set, and would not move to the next comparison until the previous is complete.[1]

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Overview

- Serial memory processing can be Self-Terminating and/or Exhaustive. Internal representations of the memory set are compared to the target stimulus. RT increases linearly with set size, the more items the longer it takes (because there is one more internal comparison to be done)[2].

- Self-Terminating = comparisons are made one at a time, as soon as target is found the comparisons stop abruptly and a response is generated [1]

- Evidence for Self-Terminating = For positive trials (where the target stimulus was in the memory set) the RT slope is half of that of negative trials (where the target stimulus was not in the memory set). This is because, theoretically, participants will stop comparisons halfway through the set once identifying the positive target. As well, the linear RT function remains for new or well-known memory sets, since comparisons are believed to be serial [3]

- Exhaustive = comparisons are made one at a time until the entire set as been compared. After completing all comparisons, than a response is generated [1]

- Evidence for Exhaustive = The RT slope for positive trials and negative trials is the same because, theoretically, whether the target stimulus is present or not, the participants will compare through the entire set before generating their response [2]

Characteristics of Processing

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Article Briefs

Serial Processing Overview [2]

More Serial Processing Overview [4]

Spatial and Temporal Grouping effect [5]

Serial Memory in Children with Autism [6]

Brain Areas [7]

More Brain Areas [8]

Primacy/Recency Effects [9]

Serial Memory Encoding [10]

Forgetting Curve / Uncertainty Gradient [11]

Acoustic Confusions [12]

ACT-R Model, related to Ref. 4,10, 11** [13]

Effects on Serial Memory Errors [14]

Suffix Effect [15]

Hemispheric Laterality [16]

References

  1. ^ a b c Townsend, J. & Fific, M. (2004). Parallel versus serial processing and individual differences in high-speed search in human memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 66(6).
  2. ^ a b c Sternberg, S. (1966). High-speed scanning in human memory. Science, 153(1).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Sternbergg was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Sternberg, S. (1969). Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. American Scientist, 57(4).
  5. ^ Parmentier, F. B., Andres, P., Elford, G., & Jones, D. M. (2006). Organization of visuo-spatial serial memory: Interaction of temporal order with spatial and temporal grouping. Psychological Research, 70(1).
  6. ^ Prior, M. R., & Chen, C. S. (1976). Short-term and serial memory in autistic, retarded, and normal children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 6(2).
  7. ^ Chiba, A., Kesner, R., & Reynolds, A. (1994). Memory for spatial location as a function of temporal lag in rats: Role of hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Behavioral and Neural Biology 61(1).
  8. ^ Chauveau, F., et al. (2009). The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are differentially involved in serial memory retrieval in non-stress and stress conditions. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 91(1).
  9. ^ Avons, S. E. (1998). Serial report and item recognition of novel visual patterns. British Journal of Psychology, 89(1).
  10. ^ Connor, J. M. (1972). Serial and parallel encoding processes in memory and visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 96(2).
  11. ^ Nairne, J. S. (1992). The loss of positional certainty in long-term memory.Psychological Science, 3(3).
  12. ^ Bjork, E. L., & Healy, A. F. (1974). Short-term order and item retention. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(1).
  13. ^ Anderson, J. R., & Matessa, M. (1997). A production system theory of serial memory. Psychological Review, 104(4).
  14. ^ Burgess, N., & Hitch, G. H. (1999). Memory for serial order: A network model of the phonological loop and its timing. Psychological Review, 106(3).
  15. ^ Parmentier, F. B., Tremblay, S., & Jones, D. M. (2004). Exploring the suffix effect in serial visuospatial short-term memory. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 11(2).
  16. ^ O'Boyle, M. W., & Hellige, J. B. (1982). Hemispheric asymmetry, early visual processes, and serial memory comparison. Brain and Cognition, 1(1).
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