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Factory Instrumentation Protocol

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The Factory Instrumentation Protocol or FIP is a standardized field bus protocol.

History

The FIP standard is based on a French initiative with records as early as 1982 that led to the European Eureka initiative for a field bus standard in June 1986 that included 13 partners. The development group (réseaux locaux industriels) created the first proposal to be standardized in France. The name of the FIP field bus was originally given as an abbreviation of the French "Flux d'Information vers le Processus" while later referring to FIP with the English name "Factory Instrumentation Protocol" (some references also use the hybrid "Flux Information Protocol"). Starting in 1990 a number of partners from Japan and America where included leading to the WorldFIP standardization effort (compare Fieldbus Foundation). Along with the competing German Profibus the field buses were submitted for European standardization by CENELEC in 1996. Along with other field bus standards these CENELEC standards were included to the international IEC 61158 and IEC 61784 standards by 1999 where FIP is listed as the Communication Profile Family 5. Eventually FIP has lost ground to Profibus which came to prevail the market in the following decade - the WorldFIP homepage has seen no press release since 2002. The closest cousin of the FIP family can be found today in the Wire Train Bus for train coaches. However a specific subset of WorldFIP - known the FIPIO protocol - can be found widely in machine components.

Technology

There are three transmission speeds specified as 31,25kbits/s, 1Mbit/s and 2,5Mbit/s for cable and optical fibre. There may be 255 stations per segment with an overall address range of 65536 communication ports. The messaging protocol uses synchronized access to the channel with messages of 128 bytes length.

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